Carotid arteriosclerosis is a progressive condition where fatty deposits called plaque build up inside the carotid arteries in your neck, restricting blood flow to the brain and significantly increasing the risk of stroke.

Carotid artery occlusion occurs when one of the major blood vessels delivering blood to your brain becomes completely blocked, significantly increasing your risk of stroke.

Carotid artery stenosis is a condition where the large arteries in your neck become narrowed by a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque, putting you at higher risk of stroke—one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common hand conditions, affecting approximately 3 out of every 1,000 people in the United States each year. It occurs when pressure on a key nerve in the wrist causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers.

Cartilage injury is damage to the tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones in joints, most commonly affecting the knee, though it can also occur in the hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow.

Castleman’s disease is a rare group of disorders where the immune system becomes overactive, leading to enlarged lymph nodes and, in some forms, widespread inflammation that can damage vital organs throughout the body.

A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s lens that affects your ability to see clearly. While most cataracts develop slowly with age, they can eventually make everyday activities like reading, driving at night, or recognizing faces increasingly difficult. The good news is that cataract surgery is one of the safest and most common operations performed today, offering a reliable way to restore clear vision.

Catatonia is a serious brain disorder that affects how a person moves, communicates, and responds to the world around them. Although it can have life-threatening complications, it is highly treatable with proper medical care.

CDKL5 deficiency disorder is a rare genetic condition that causes severe seizures starting in early infancy, along with significant delays in development. While there is currently no cure, recent advances have brought the first approved treatment for seizures, and specialized care teams help children manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Central nervous system lymphoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that develops in the brain, spinal cord, or eyes. Though uncommon, affecting only about 1,500 people each year in the United States, this disease requires prompt diagnosis and specialized treatment to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Central nervous system melanoma represents one of the most serious complications in melanoma patients, occurring when this aggressive skin cancer spreads to the brain or spinal cord, or rarely develops directly within the central nervous system itself.

Central nervous system tumors are abnormal growths that develop in the brain or spinal cord, affecting how your body functions. These tumors can be either cancerous or noncancerous, but both types may cause serious symptoms if they grow large enough to press on surrounding tissues.

Central nervous system neuroblastoma is a rare type of cancer that develops from nerve cells within the brain or spinal cord. Although neuroblastoma most commonly occurs elsewhere in the body, this specific form affects the central nervous system and primarily strikes young children.

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a condition in which fluid builds up beneath the retina, causing blurred or distorted vision. While it most commonly affects young and middle-aged adults and often resolves on its own, understanding this eye condition and its triggers can help protect your sight.

Cerebellar ataxia is a condition that affects a part of the brain called the cerebellum, causing problems with coordination, balance, and movement that can make everyday tasks challenging.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a condition where abnormal proteins build up in the blood vessels of the brain, making them fragile and prone to bleeding. While many people may have this condition without knowing it, it can lead to serious problems like strokes and gradual loss of thinking abilities, especially in people over age 60.

A cerebral arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain that can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding, affecting people of all ages but most commonly diagnosed in those between 20 and 50 years old.

A cerebral haemorrhage is bleeding between the skull and brain tissue. It is a life-threatening type of stroke that occurs when a weakened blood vessel in the brain leaks or bursts. Immediate medical attention is crucial, as the condition can lead to permanent brain damage or death if not treated quickly.

Cerebral palsy is the most common movement and motor disability of childhood, affecting the ability to move and maintain balance and posture. While there is no cure, treatments and supportive care can significantly improve the quality of life for those living with the condition.

A cerebrovascular accident, commonly called a stroke, is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. Without immediate treatment, brain cells begin dying within minutes, potentially causing permanent damage, disability, or death.

Cervical dysplasia is a condition where abnormal cells grow on the surface of the cervix, but these cells are not cancer. While the word “precancerous” can sound frightening, most women with cervical dysplasia never develop cervical cancer, especially when the condition is found early and monitored or treated properly.

Cervical cancer is a disease that starts in the cells of the cervix, where the lower part of the uterus connects to the vagina. While it was once one of the leading causes of cancer death among women, screening tests and vaccines have made this cancer largely preventable and highly treatable when found early.

Recurrent cervical cancer occurs when the disease returns after initial treatment, presenting unique challenges that depend on where the cancer comes back and what treatments were used before. Understanding the available treatment options and what to expect can help patients navigate this difficult journey.

Stage I cervical cancer means the cancer is found only in the cervix and has not spread to nearby tissues or other organs. This early stage of the disease is usually treated with surgery, and in more than 90 percent of cases, treatment is successful.

Stage II cervical cancer means the disease has begun to grow beyond the cervix into nearby tissues, but it has not yet reached the pelvic wall or the lower part of the vagina. Understanding what this stage means and what treatment options are available can help you work with your medical team to make informed decisions about your care.

Stage 3 cervical cancer means the disease has spread beyond the cervix into surrounding structures in the pelvis or into nearby lymph nodes, but has not yet reached distant parts of the body. Understanding the extent of cancer spread helps doctors choose the most effective treatment approach.

Stage 4 cervical cancer represents the most advanced form of this disease, where cancer has spread beyond the cervix to nearby organs or distant parts of the body. While this diagnosis presents serious challenges, modern treatment approaches combining chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted drugs offer ways to manage symptoms and extend life.

Heart damage from cancer treatment is a serious concern that can limit lifesaving therapies, but several strategies and medications show promise in protecting the heart while patients receive chemotherapy.

Childhood asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes the airways to become inflamed and narrowed, making it hard for children to breathe. Nearly 8 percent of children in the United States live with this condition, which can disrupt sleep, school, sports, and daily activities—but with proper treatment and management, most children with asthma can lead healthy, active lives.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that forms in the bile ducts, the thin tubes that carry digestive fluid from the liver to the small intestine. Most people don’t develop symptoms until the cancer has already advanced, making it difficult to treat and cure.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that begins in the bile ducts, the thin tubes that carry digestive fluid from the liver to the small intestine. Most people don’t experience symptoms until the disease has advanced, making early detection difficult and successful treatment challenging.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a rare liver disease where inflammation causes scarring and narrowing of the bile ducts, eventually leading to serious liver damage. While many people show no symptoms at first, the disease progresses slowly over 10 to 15 years and can result in liver failure and increased cancer risk.

Acute cholecystitis is sudden inflammation of the gallbladder that causes severe pain in the upper right part of your abdomen and requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications.

Cholestatic pruritus is a type of severe itching that affects people with liver diseases that impair bile flow. This itching can be relentless and debilitating, often interfering with sleep and daily activities, and requires specific medical management.

Chondrocalcinosis is a painful form of arthritis caused by calcium crystals building up in the joints, leading to sudden episodes of intense pain and swelling that can significantly affect daily life.

Chondropathy is a condition where the cartilage in your joints becomes damaged or worn down, causing pain and limiting your ability to move freely. This smooth, elastic tissue that normally cushions your bones can deteriorate due to injury, overuse, or gradual wear and tear, affecting your quality of life and daily activities.

Chondroplasty is a surgical procedure that helps repair damaged cartilage in your joints, offering relief from pain and improved movement for people with mild to moderate cartilage wear.

Chondrosarcoma is a rare type of bone cancer that begins in cartilage, the connective tissue protecting joints and bones. It grows slowly in most cases, but certain types can be aggressive and difficult to treat. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options is essential for anyone affected by this condition.

Chondrosarcoma with metastatic disease represents a serious form of bone cancer where the tumor has spread beyond its original location to other parts of the body, most commonly the lungs and other bones, presenting significant challenges for treatment and survival.

Chordoma is a rare type of bone cancer that grows slowly but can be very difficult to treat because it develops in delicate areas near the spine and skull, close to critical structures like the brain, spinal cord, and major blood vessels.

Chorea is a movement disorder that causes your body to make involuntary, dance-like movements you cannot control. These jerky, unpredictable movements can range from mild fidgeting to severe, disabling motions that interfere with everyday activities like eating, walking, and speaking.

Choreoathetosis is a movement disorder that combines involuntary, dance-like jerking movements with slow, writhing motions, creating a pattern of uncontrollable body movements that can affect daily activities and quality of life.

Chorioretinitis is inflammation of the back part of your eye that can threaten your vision and even lead to blindness if not treated promptly.

Choroid melanoma is the most common cancer that develops inside the adult eye, yet it remains a rare condition that often goes unnoticed until detected during a routine eye examination.

Choroidal dystrophies are a group of inherited eye disorders that affect a critical layer of blood vessels in the eye, potentially leading to progressive vision loss. While these conditions primarily affect males starting in childhood, understanding their nature and available support can help those affected maintain their quality of life.

Choroidal neovascularisation is a serious eye condition where abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina, potentially leading to vision loss if left untreated.

Chronic coronary syndrome describes a range of ongoing heart conditions caused by narrowed or blocked arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. While it develops slowly over many years and can remain silent for a long time, this progressive disease may suddenly worsen and requires careful diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications like heart attacks.

Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a form of autoimmune disease that primarily affects the skin, causing persistent rashes and lesions that may lead to permanent scarring and changes in skin color. Unlike lupus that affects the whole body, this condition focuses on the skin, though it can sometimes be an early warning sign of more widespread disease.

Chronic diseases affect six out of ten American adults and are the leading cause of death and disability in the United States, yet many of these conditions can be prevented or effectively managed through healthy lifestyle choices and proper medical care.

Chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis, is a serious long-term illness that causes severe exhaustion and many other symptoms that don’t improve with rest. It affects up to 3.3 million people in the United States, yet more than 9 in 10 people with the condition have not been diagnosed.

Chronic graft versus host disease is a serious complication that can occur after a stem cell transplant, when the donated immune cells begin attacking the recipient’s own organs and tissues, creating a condition that may require years of treatment and significantly impact daily life.

Chronic graft versus host disease affecting the intestine is a serious complication that can develop after a stem cell transplant using donor cells, causing digestive symptoms that may significantly impact daily life and nutrition.

Chronic graft versus host disease affecting the liver is a serious complication that can develop months or even years after an allogeneic stem cell transplant, occurring when donor immune cells attack the recipient’s liver tissue.

Chronic graft versus host disease affecting the skin is a serious complication that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant, when the donated cells attack the recipient’s body. The skin is the most commonly affected organ, with symptoms appearing in approximately 70 percent of patients who develop this condition.

Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare genetic condition that weakens the immune system’s ability to fight certain infections, leaving people vulnerable to serious bacterial and fungal infections throughout their lives.

Chronic hepatic failure is the final stage of long-term liver damage, where the liver can no longer perform its essential life-sustaining functions. This condition develops gradually over months or years and, without a liver transplant, is eventually fatal.

Chronic hepatitis B is a long-term liver infection that can last for years or even a lifetime, raising the risk of serious liver damage, liver cancer, and death. While many people feel healthy and show no symptoms, the virus may still be active and causing harm that goes unnoticed for decades.

Chronic hepatitis C is a long-lasting liver infection caused by a virus that can damage your liver over many years, but modern medicines can cure more than 95% of people with the condition.

Chronic idiopathic pain syndrome is a common and disabling condition that can significantly affect daily life, often involving both physical and psychological factors, with treatment focused on managing symptoms rather than curing the pain.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy is a rare autoimmune condition that causes progressive muscle weakness and sensory changes. While the symptoms develop gradually over weeks and months, early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent permanent nerve damage and improve quality of life.