C3 glomerulopathy is a rare kidney disease caused by problems with the body’s immune system, specifically affecting tiny filtering structures in the kidneys that help clean the blood and make urine.

Cachexia is a devastating syndrome that causes severe weight loss and muscle wasting in people with serious illnesses like cancer, heart disease, and chronic lung conditions. This condition affects millions of people worldwide and can significantly impact quality of life, treatment outcomes, and survival.

CADASIL is a rare inherited disorder that affects the blood vessels in the brain, causing symptoms that can include migraine headaches, strokes, and changes in memory and thinking. Understanding this condition can help patients and families navigate the challenges it presents.

A caesarean section is a surgical procedure that delivers a baby through incisions made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus when a vaginal birth isn’t safe or possible. It is one of the most common surgical procedures performed today, accounting for about 30% of all births in the United States.

Cancer fatigue is one of the most common side effects experienced by people with cancer, affecting more than 80% of those receiving treatment. Unlike ordinary tiredness, this profound exhaustion doesn’t go away with rest or sleep and can impact every aspect of daily life.

Pain is one of the most common symptoms people with cancer face, affecting nearly half of all patients and even more of those with advanced disease. Yet with proper pain management, most people can find relief and maintain a better quality of life throughout their cancer journey.

Candida infection occurs when a type of yeast that naturally lives in your body grows out of control, causing uncomfortable symptoms like itching, burning, and unusual discharge. While most infections are easily treatable with antifungal medications, understanding what triggers them can help you stay healthy.

Carcinoid syndrome is a rare condition that occurs when certain tumors release large amounts of hormones and other chemicals into your bloodstream, causing a range of uncomfortable and sometimes serious symptoms that can significantly affect your daily life.

Carcinoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract are slow-growing cancers that often remain silent for years, sometimes discovered only by chance during surgery for other conditions. These rare tumours arise from hormone-producing cells scattered throughout the digestive system and can affect how your body processes food and regulates important chemical signals.

Lung carcinoid tumours are a rare type of cancer that starts in special cells in the lungs, growing slowly in most cases and rarely spreading to other parts of the body.

Cardiac amyloidosis is a serious but increasingly treatable heart condition where misshapen proteins build up in your heart muscle, making it thick and stiff. Once considered untreatable, recent advances in diagnosis and therapy have transformed the outlook for people with this disease.

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening emergency where the heart suddenly stops beating. Without immediate help, death can occur within minutes. Understanding what happens during cardiac arrest and knowing how to respond can mean the difference between life and death.

Cardiac disorder, often referred to as heart disease, encompasses a wide range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Understanding these conditions and knowing how to manage them can help you protect your heart and live a healthier life.

When your heart can’t pump blood well enough to meet your body’s needs, a serious condition called heart failure develops. More than 6 million adults in the United States live with this condition, which requires lifelong management but can be controlled with proper treatment and lifestyle changes.

Acute heart failure is a sudden, life-threatening medical emergency where your heart cannot pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs, causing oxygen-rich blood to fail reaching vital organs and tissues.

Chronic heart failure is a long-term condition where the heart cannot pump blood well enough to meet the body’s needs. While the heart is still working, it becomes too weak or stiff over time, causing blood and fluids to build up in the lungs, legs, and other parts of the body.

Congestive heart failure is a long-term condition where your heart can’t pump blood well enough to meet your body’s needs, causing blood and fluids to collect in your lungs and legs over time.

Heart rhythm problems and cardiovascular instability are among the most common complications after heart surgery, affecting recovery and hospital stay length. Understanding what can happen and how these issues are managed helps patients and families prepare for the journey ahead.

Cardiac sarcoidosis is a rare condition where tiny clumps of immune cells called granulomas form in your heart, causing inflammation that can disrupt normal heart function and lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Cardiac valve disease affects the valves that control blood flow through your heart, and while many people live with mild valve problems without symptoms, more serious cases can weaken the heart and become life-threatening if left untreated.

Cardiac ventricular thrombosis is a serious condition where blood clots form inside the heart’s lower chambers, most commonly following a heart attack or in people with weakened heart muscle. While modern treatment methods have reduced how often this happens, it remains a significant risk that can lead to stroke and other life-threatening complications.

When a newborn’s heart and breathing stop, immediate action can save a life. Understanding how cardio-respiratory arrest happens in the youngest patients and knowing the proper response can make the difference between life and death.

Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening emergency where your heart suddenly cannot pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs. Without enough oxygen-rich blood reaching vital organs, this condition can quickly lead to organ failure and death if not treated immediately.

Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the heart muscle, making it harder for your heart to pump blood to the rest of your body. This condition can affect people of all ages and may lead to serious heart problems, but treatment options are available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Cardiovascular disorder affects the heart and blood vessels, and is the leading cause of death worldwide. Almost half of all adults in the United States have at least one form of this condition, but many cases can be prevented through healthy lifestyle choices and proper medical care.

When physical symptoms like chest pain or palpitations cause overwhelming distress despite medical tests showing little or no serious heart problems, you may be experiencing a condition where the mind and body are deeply connected in ways that affect daily life.

Carotid arteriosclerosis is a progressive condition where fatty deposits called plaque build up inside the carotid arteries in your neck, restricting blood flow to the brain and significantly increasing the risk of stroke.

Carotid artery occlusion occurs when one of the major blood vessels delivering blood to your brain becomes completely blocked, significantly increasing your risk of stroke.

Carotid artery stenosis is a condition where the large arteries in your neck become narrowed by a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque, putting you at higher risk of stroke—one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common hand conditions, affecting approximately 3 out of every 1,000 people in the United States each year. It occurs when pressure on a key nerve in the wrist causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers.

Cartilage injury is damage to the tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones in joints, most commonly affecting the knee, though it can also occur in the hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow.

Castleman’s disease is a rare group of disorders where the immune system becomes overactive, leading to enlarged lymph nodes and, in some forms, widespread inflammation that can damage vital organs throughout the body.

A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s lens that affects your ability to see clearly. While most cataracts develop slowly with age, they can eventually make everyday activities like reading, driving at night, or recognizing faces increasingly difficult. The good news is that cataract surgery is one of the safest and most common operations performed today, offering a reliable way to restore clear vision.

Catatonia is a serious brain disorder that affects how a person moves, communicates, and responds to the world around them. Although it can have life-threatening complications, it is highly treatable with proper medical care.

CDKL5 deficiency disorder is a rare genetic condition that causes severe seizures starting in early infancy, along with significant delays in development. While there is currently no cure, recent advances have brought the first approved treatment for seizures, and specialized care teams help children manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Central nervous system lymphoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that develops in the brain, spinal cord, or eyes. Though uncommon, affecting only about 1,500 people each year in the United States, this disease requires prompt diagnosis and specialized treatment to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Central nervous system melanoma represents one of the most serious complications in melanoma patients, occurring when this aggressive skin cancer spreads to the brain or spinal cord, or rarely develops directly within the central nervous system itself.

Central nervous system tumors are abnormal growths that develop in the brain or spinal cord, affecting how your body functions. These tumors can be either cancerous or noncancerous, but both types may cause serious symptoms if they grow large enough to press on surrounding tissues.

Central nervous system neuroblastoma is a rare type of cancer that develops from nerve cells within the brain or spinal cord. Although neuroblastoma most commonly occurs elsewhere in the body, this specific form affects the central nervous system and primarily strikes young children.

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a condition in which fluid builds up beneath the retina, causing blurred or distorted vision. While it most commonly affects young and middle-aged adults and often resolves on its own, understanding this eye condition and its triggers can help protect your sight.

Cerebellar ataxia is a condition that affects a part of the brain called the cerebellum, causing problems with coordination, balance, and movement that can make everyday tasks challenging.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a condition where abnormal proteins build up in the blood vessels of the brain, making them fragile and prone to bleeding. While many people may have this condition without knowing it, it can lead to serious problems like strokes and gradual loss of thinking abilities, especially in people over age 60.

A cerebral arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain that can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding, affecting people of all ages but most commonly diagnosed in those between 20 and 50 years old.

A cerebral haemorrhage is bleeding between the skull and brain tissue. It is a life-threatening type of stroke that occurs when a weakened blood vessel in the brain leaks or bursts. Immediate medical attention is crucial, as the condition can lead to permanent brain damage or death if not treated quickly.

Cerebral palsy is the most common movement and motor disability of childhood, affecting the ability to move and maintain balance and posture. While there is no cure, treatments and supportive care can significantly improve the quality of life for those living with the condition.

A cerebrovascular accident, commonly called a stroke, is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. Without immediate treatment, brain cells begin dying within minutes, potentially causing permanent damage, disability, or death.

Cervical dysplasia is a condition where abnormal cells grow on the surface of the cervix, but these cells are not cancer. While the word “precancerous” can sound frightening, most women with cervical dysplasia never develop cervical cancer, especially when the condition is found early and monitored or treated properly.

Cervical cancer is a disease that starts in the cells of the cervix, where the lower part of the uterus connects to the vagina. While it was once one of the leading causes of cancer death among women, screening tests and vaccines have made this cancer largely preventable and highly treatable when found early.

Recurrent cervical cancer occurs when the disease returns after initial treatment, presenting unique challenges that depend on where the cancer comes back and what treatments were used before. Understanding the available treatment options and what to expect can help patients navigate this difficult journey.

Stage I cervical cancer means the cancer is found only in the cervix and has not spread to nearby tissues or other organs. This early stage of the disease is usually treated with surgery, and in more than 90 percent of cases, treatment is successful.

Stage II cervical cancer means the disease has begun to grow beyond the cervix into nearby tissues, but it has not yet reached the pelvic wall or the lower part of the vagina. Understanding what this stage means and what treatment options are available can help you work with your medical team to make informed decisions about your care.

Stage 3 cervical cancer means the disease has spread beyond the cervix into surrounding structures in the pelvis or into nearby lymph nodes, but has not yet reached distant parts of the body. Understanding the extent of cancer spread helps doctors choose the most effective treatment approach.

Stage 4 cervical cancer represents the most advanced form of this disease, where cancer has spread beyond the cervix to nearby organs or distant parts of the body. While this diagnosis presents serious challenges, modern treatment approaches combining chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and targeted drugs offer ways to manage symptoms and extend life.

Heart damage from cancer treatment is a serious concern that can limit lifesaving therapies, but several strategies and medications show promise in protecting the heart while patients receive chemotherapy.

Childhood asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes the airways to become inflamed and narrowed, making it hard for children to breathe. Nearly 8 percent of children in the United States live with this condition, which can disrupt sleep, school, sports, and daily activities—but with proper treatment and management, most children with asthma can lead healthy, active lives.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that forms in the bile ducts, the thin tubes that carry digestive fluid from the liver to the small intestine. Most people don’t develop symptoms until the cancer has already advanced, making it difficult to treat and cure.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that begins in the bile ducts, the thin tubes that carry digestive fluid from the liver to the small intestine. Most people don’t experience symptoms until the disease has advanced, making early detection difficult and successful treatment challenging.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a rare liver disease where inflammation causes scarring and narrowing of the bile ducts, eventually leading to serious liver damage. While many people show no symptoms at first, the disease progresses slowly over 10 to 15 years and can result in liver failure and increased cancer risk.

Acute cholecystitis is sudden inflammation of the gallbladder that causes severe pain in the upper right part of your abdomen and requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications.

Cholestatic pruritus is a type of severe itching that affects people with liver diseases that impair bile flow. This itching can be relentless and debilitating, often interfering with sleep and daily activities, and requires specific medical management.