Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease is a rare and life-threatening condition where your immune system mistakenly attacks your kidneys and lungs, potentially leading to kidney failure and severe breathing problems within weeks if left untreated.

Anti-MAG associated polyneuropathy is a rare autoimmune disease where the body’s own defense system attacks the protective covering of nerves, leading to numbness, weakness, and balance problems that develop slowly over time.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positive vasculitis is a group of rare autoimmune diseases that cause inflammation in small blood vessels throughout the body. This inflammation can damage vital organs including the kidneys, lungs, and nervous system, making early diagnosis and treatment essential for preventing serious complications.

Antisynthetase syndrome is a rare condition where your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body, causing inflammation in muscles, joints, lungs, skin, and blood vessels.

Antithrombin III deficiency is a rare blood disorder that disrupts the body’s natural ability to control blood clotting, putting people at risk for dangerous blood clots that can affect the legs, lungs, and other vital organs.

Anxiety is one of the most common mental health conditions worldwide, affecting 359 million people in 2021. While everyone experiences anxious feelings from time to time, anxiety disorders involve excessive fear and worry that can interfere with daily life—but effective treatments are available.

Anxiety disorders are the world’s most common mental health conditions, affecting millions of people. While everyone experiences worry from time to time, anxiety disorders involve intense, excessive fear that interferes with daily life—but effective treatments are available.

An aortic aneurysm is a dangerous bulge in the wall of the aorta, the body’s largest blood vessel, which can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding if left untreated.

Aortic disorder is a serious condition affecting the body’s largest blood vessel, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all vital organs. When the aorta becomes damaged or diseased, it can quickly turn into a medical emergency that puts the entire body’s blood supply at risk.

Aortic stenosis is a heart condition where the aortic valve becomes narrowed and doesn’t open fully, making it harder for your heart to pump blood to the rest of your body. While many people live without symptoms for years, this condition can become serious if left untreated, potentially leading to heart failure or even death.

Aortic valve disease affects the valve that controls blood flow from your heart to your body’s main artery. When this valve becomes narrowed or leaky, your heart must work harder to pump blood, which can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Aortic valve stenosis is a heart condition where the valve controlling blood flow from your heart to your body becomes narrowed and stiff, making your heart work much harder and potentially leading to serious complications if left untreated.

Apathy is more than just feeling unmotivated—it’s a medical condition characterized by a measurable lack of goal-directed activity, reduced interest, and emotional expression that can significantly affect daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.

Apheresis is a medical procedure that separates blood into its different components using a specialized machine, allowing healthcare providers to collect specific parts for donation or remove abnormal elements to treat various diseases.

Aphthous ulcers, commonly called canker sores, are painful mouth sores that affect about one in five people at some point in their lives. These small ulcers appear inside the mouth and, while usually harmless, can make eating and talking difficult until they heal.

Pure red cell aplasia is a rare blood disorder where your bone marrow stops making the normal number of red blood cells, leading to severe anemia that can leave you feeling exhausted and short of breath.

Aplastic anaemia is a rare but serious blood disorder that occurs when your bone marrow stops making enough new blood cells, leaving you tired, prone to infections, and at risk of uncontrolled bleeding.

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine. This condition causes pain that typically begins around the belly button and moves to the lower right side of the abdomen. Without prompt treatment, the appendix can burst, leading to serious complications.

Perforated appendicitis is a serious complication that occurs when an inflamed appendix bursts, releasing infected material into the abdominal cavity. This medical emergency requires immediate treatment and can lead to life-threatening infections if not addressed promptly.

Arginase deficiency is a rare inherited disorder that affects the body’s ability to process protein, causing harmful substances to gradually build up in the blood and affecting primarily the nervous system and movement.

An arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat that can make your heart beat too fast, too slow, or in an uneven pattern. While some arrhythmias are harmless, others can lead to serious complications like stroke or heart failure if left untreated.

Supraventricular arrhythmia is a condition where your heart beats irregularly or too fast, starting from the upper chambers of the heart. While many people experience episodes that last only minutes, understanding this condition and learning how to manage it can help you maintain a good quality of life.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a rare heart condition where normal heart muscle is replaced by fat or scar tissue, potentially causing life-threatening irregular heartbeats, especially in young people and athletes.

Arterial disorders affect the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood throughout your body, potentially leading to serious complications if blood flow becomes restricted or blocked.

Arterial stiffness is one of the earliest detectable signs of changes in the arterial wall, occurring as arteries lose their natural flexibility and become rigid, which can lead to serious health complications throughout the body.

Arterial tortuosity syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that causes blood vessels to become twisted, elongated, and prone to serious complications that can affect the heart, brain, and other vital organs.

Arteriosclerosis is a condition where your arteries become hard and stiff, often developing silently over many years before causing serious health problems like heart attacks or strokes.

When fatty substances slowly build up inside the arteries that supply blood to your heart, they can create a serious health threat that may show no warning signs until a life-threatening emergency occurs.

A coronary artery spasm is a sudden, temporary tightening of the blood vessels that supply blood to your heart muscle. While these spasms may occur without any symptoms, they can also cause chest pain and increase the risk of serious heart complications.

When an arteriovenous graft becomes blocked by a blood clot, it prevents patients from receiving life-sustaining dialysis treatment and can lead to the loss of this vital connection to their bloodstream.

An arteriovenous malformation is a rare tangle of blood vessels that creates abnormal connections between arteries and veins, disrupting normal blood flow and potentially causing serious complications, especially when it occurs in the brain or spinal cord.

Arthralgia is joint pain that can affect one or more joints in your body. It can range from a mild ache to severe discomfort that interferes with daily activities, and understanding its causes and management options can help you maintain a better quality of life.

Infectious arthritis is a serious joint infection that can rapidly damage cartilage and bone within days if left untreated, but with prompt treatment, most people can make a full recovery.

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to see inside your joints through tiny incisions, helping diagnose and treat various joint problems without the need for large cuts.

Asplenia means the absence of a functioning spleen, an organ that plays a crucial role in fighting infections. People living without a spleen or with a spleen that doesn’t work properly face a lifelong increased risk of serious bacterial infections that can become life-threatening within hours, but with proper vaccination, preventive antibiotics, and education, they can lead healthy, normal lives.

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes your airways to swell, narrow and fill with mucus, making it hard to breathe. While there is no cure, proper treatment and management can help you live a normal, active life.

An asthmatic crisis, also called status asthmaticus or acute severe asthma, is a life-threatening emergency where breathing difficulties continue to worsen despite treatment with standard rescue medications. This severe complication of asthma can develop rapidly and requires immediate medical attention to prevent respiratory failure.

Malignant astrocytomas are aggressive brain cancers that grow from star-shaped support cells in the brain and spinal cord. These tumors grow quickly, spread into nearby brain tissue, and require intensive treatment including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Asymptomatic HIV infection is a critical stage where the virus silently multiplies in the body while a person feels completely healthy, with no visible signs of illness—a period that can last from a few years to over a decade.

Ataxia telangiectasia is a rare inherited condition that causes progressive problems with movement and coordination in early childhood, along with distinctive small clusters of widened blood vessels in the eyes and on the skin, a weakened immune system, and an increased risk of cancer.

Athetosis is a movement disorder marked by slow, involuntary writhing movements that you cannot control, affecting your hands, feet, arms, legs, and sometimes your face and tongue.

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis is a rare but potentially blinding eye disease that causes chronic inflammation and severe itching, affecting people with a history of allergic conditions like eczema or asthma.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of irregular heart rhythm, affecting millions of people worldwide. While it can lead to serious complications like stroke and heart failure, proper treatment and lifestyle changes can help you stay active and manage the condition effectively.

Atrial flutter is a common heart rhythm problem where your heart beats too fast in a regular pattern, caused by faulty electrical signals in your heart’s upper chambers. This condition can affect your heart’s efficiency and increase your risk of serious complications like stroke, but treatments including medications and procedures can help manage it effectively.

An atrial septal defect is a heart condition you’re born with, where there’s a hole in the wall between the heart’s upper chambers. While many small holes cause no problems and may close on their own, larger ones can affect the heart and lungs over time, requiring medical intervention to prevent complications.

Atrophic vulvovaginitis is a condition where the tissues of the vagina and vulva become thinner, drier, and inflamed due to lower levels of estrogen in the body. While very common after menopause, many women suffer in silence without seeking help, even though effective treatments are available.

ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting millions of children and adults. While symptoms like difficulty focusing, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviors can create challenges at home, school, and work, effective treatments combining medication and behavioral approaches can help people manage their symptoms and thrive.

Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks blood vessel cells, forming dangerous clots that can damage kidneys and other vital organs.

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a very rare and aggressive cancer of the brain or spinal cord that grows quickly and requires immediate medical attention.

Autism spectrum disorder affects how people interact with the world around them, influencing communication, social relationships, and behavior in unique ways. While there is no cure, early intervention and support can make a meaningful difference in helping individuals with autism reach their full potential and live fulfilling lives.

Autoimmune demyelinating disease occurs when your body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering around your nerve cells, causing disruption in how your nerves send signals throughout your body.

When your body’s defense system turns against you, the result is an autoimmune disorder—a chronic condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues instead of protecting them from harm.

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is a rare blood disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the body’s own red blood cells, leading to a shortage of these vital oxygen-carrying cells. Though uncommon, affecting only 1 to 2 people per 100,000 each year, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential, as the condition is highly manageable but can be serious if left untreated.

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease where your own immune system mistakenly attacks your liver, causing inflammation and potential damage. While the exact cause remains unclear, most people can manage this condition with medication and many achieve remission, allowing them to live normal lives.

Autoimmune uveitis is an inflammatory eye condition that can threaten your vision if not properly diagnosed and treated. This disease occurs when your body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue inside your eye, causing swelling and potentially serious complications.

Autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis is a rare genetic disorder that causes life-threatening episodes of inflammation beginning in the first weeks or months of life, affecting the intestines and other body systems.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant is a medical procedure that uses your own healthy blood stem cells to restore your body’s ability to make blood cells after intensive cancer treatment.

When the body’s automatic control system stops working properly, it can affect everything from your heartbeat to your digestion, creating symptoms that may seem unconnected but stem from a single underlying problem.

Axial spondyloarthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine, causing chronic back pain and stiffness, often beginning in young adults or even teenagers. While there is no cure, a range of treatments and lifestyle approaches can help manage symptoms and maintain quality of life.