Friedreich’s ataxia is a rare inherited disorder that progressively damages the nervous system, affecting movement, balance, and coordination. While symptoms typically begin in childhood or adolescence, the disease’s progression varies greatly from person to person, and advances in care and treatment continue to improve outcomes for those living with this condition.

Frontotemporal dementia is a group of brain diseases that mainly affects the frontal and temporal lobes, causing changes in personality, behavior, language, and sometimes movement. It differs from other forms of dementia because it typically strikes people at a younger age, often between 45 and 65, affecting individuals during their working years and while raising families.

Frostbite is a serious injury that happens when your skin and the tissues beneath it freeze from exposure to very cold temperatures. This condition can permanently damage your body, and in severe cases, may even require removal of affected body parts like fingers or toes.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders affect approximately 40% of people worldwide, causing chronic digestive symptoms despite the absence of visible structural problems. These conditions, now increasingly understood as disorders of gut-brain interaction, significantly impact quality of life but can be effectively managed through a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medical treatment.

Fungal infections affect millions of people worldwide every year, ranging from common skin conditions like athlete’s foot and ringworm to serious internal infections that can be life-threatening for those with weakened immune systems.

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but serious disease that often goes undetected in its early stages, making early diagnosis crucial for successful treatment.

Gastrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the stomach, most commonly used to treat stomach cancer but also performed for other conditions. While you can live and eat without a stomach, this major surgery significantly changes how you digest food and requires lifelong adjustments to your diet and lifestyle.

Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a disease where cancer cells grow out of control in your stomach. While it’s one of the most common cancers worldwide, it ranks lower in the United States, where cases have been declining steadily. Most people don’t experience symptoms until the disease reaches more advanced stages, which makes early detection challenging.

Recurrent gastric cancer occurs when stomach cancer returns after successful treatment. Although the overall recurrence rate after curative surgery is about 20.5%, understanding the patterns and risk factors of recurrence can help guide ongoing care and surveillance strategies.

Stage 4 gastric cancer represents the most advanced form of stomach cancer, where the disease has spread beyond the stomach to distant parts of the body or grown through the outer stomach wall into nearby organs.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours are rare growths that develop from hormone-producing cells in the digestive system and pancreas, often growing slowly over many years and sometimes not causing symptoms until they have spread to other parts of the body.

Gastrointestinal cancer metastatic occurs when cancer that starts in the digestive system spreads to other parts of the body. The poor prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer is largely due to this spread of cancer cells, which is the biological hallmark of malignant tumors.

Gastrointestinal carcinoma is a group of cancers that develop in the digestive system, affecting organs from the mouth to the anus. These cancers can form anywhere along the 25-foot pathway that processes food, and while treatments are more effective when detected early, many cases are not discovered until later stages.

Gastrointestinal disorders affect millions of people worldwide, disrupting daily life with symptoms ranging from occasional discomfort to chronic pain. Understanding these conditions and how to manage them can make a significant difference in your quality of life.

Gastrointestinal melanoma is a serious condition where melanoma cancer cells are found in the digestive system, most commonly through spread from skin melanoma, though rare cases begin in the digestive tract itself.

Gastrointestinal motility disorders affect how food and waste move through your digestive system, disrupting the normal rhythm of muscle contractions and causing symptoms that can significantly impact your daily life and nutrition.

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours are rare cancers that form in special cells within the digestive system. While most grow very slowly, early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential for the best outcomes.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours are rare cancerous growths that develop in the digestive system, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine, and can range from very small to large masses that cause serious symptoms.

Gastrooesophageal cancer forms at the critical junction where the food pipe meets the stomach, presenting unique challenges that require specialized, multi-faceted treatment approaches.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease affects up to one in five adults in Western countries, causing uncomfortable burning sensations in the chest and throat. While occasional acid reflux is common, when it happens frequently over time, it can damage the lining of the esophagus and lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Gaucher’s disease type I is the most common form of this rare genetic disorder, affecting approximately 95% of cases in western countries and being the most prevalent Jewish genetic disorder. While it causes symptoms ranging from enlarged organs and bone pain to bleeding problems, effective treatments are available that can help patients live full, active lives well into old age.

Gaucher’s disease type III is a rare inherited condition where the body cannot properly break down fatty substances, leading to progressive problems affecting the brain, bones, and major organs throughout life.

Gender dysphoria is a feeling of distress that can occur when a person’s internal sense of gender doesn’t match the sex they were assigned at birth. While many transgender and gender-diverse people experience this distress at some point in their lives, not everyone does—and for those who do, the intensity can vary greatly.

General physical health deterioration is a progressive decline in an individual’s health and well-being that can affect nearly every system in the body, from muscle strength to mental clarity, making daily activities increasingly difficult to perform.

Generalised anxiety disorder is a common mental health condition where persistent and excessive worry about everyday situations takes over your life. Unlike normal worry that comes and goes, this type of anxiety is difficult to control, lasts for months, and can make getting through the day very difficult.

A generalised tonic-clonic seizure is a type of seizure that affects both sides of the brain, causing muscle stiffness, violent shaking, and loss of consciousness. These seizures are among the most feared types of seizures, but understanding what they are and how to respond can help manage them effectively.

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection that affects millions of people worldwide. While there is no cure, the virus can be managed with medication, and many people with herpes live normal, healthy lives with fulfilling relationships.

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection that affects millions of people worldwide, yet most who have it don’t even know they’re infected because they have no symptoms or only very mild ones.

Genital infections in women are very common conditions that affect the vagina and surrounding areas, causing symptoms like itching, discharge, and discomfort. Understanding these infections can help you recognize when to seek care and how to prevent future problems.

Up to 84% of postmenopausal women experience symptoms affecting their vaginal, sexual, and urinary health, yet many suffer in silence, unaware that safe and effective treatments exist for this chronic condition.

Genitourinary tract neoplasms are a group of cancers affecting the urinary system and reproductive organs, accounting for nearly one-quarter of all cancer diagnoses. While these cancers can range from slow-growing to highly aggressive, advances in detection and treatment have led to declining death rates for most types.

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and affects up to 9% of pregnancies in the United States each year. While it can be a concerning diagnosis, it’s treatable and manageable, and with proper care, most women deliver healthy babies.

Giant cell arteritis is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that primarily affects people over 50 years old. It can cause severe headaches, vision loss, and other serious complications if not treated quickly. With prompt treatment, most symptoms improve rapidly, though long-term medication is usually necessary.

Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath is a noncancerous growth that forms in the soft tissue around your joints, most commonly affecting the fingers, hands, and feet. While not dangerous, these slow-growing lumps can cause pain and stiffness, and may return even after treatment.

Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by a microscopic parasite that can spread through contaminated water, food, and surfaces. While some people never develop symptoms, others may experience watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, and fatigue that can last for weeks or even months if left untreated.

When you notice blood in the sink after brushing your teeth, it’s more than just a minor inconvenience. Bleeding gums are often your body’s early warning signal that something needs attention—from simple changes in your daily routine to underlying health conditions that require medical care.

Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder that causes people to bruise and bleed easily throughout their lives. With only about 1 in 1 million people worldwide affected, this lifelong condition involves a problem with platelets that prevents blood from clotting properly.

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, potentially leading to vision loss and blindness. Often called the “sneak thief of sight,” this condition can develop slowly without symptoms, making regular eye exams essential for early detection and treatment.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and most common type of cancerous brain tumor in adults, growing rapidly and invading healthy brain tissue. Despite treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, this devastating disease typically recurs and remains one of the most challenging cancers to treat.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive and common form of cancerous brain tumor in adults, affecting more than 13,000 Americans each year. Despite advances in treatment, this devastating disease remains one of the most challenging cancers to overcome, with most patients surviving only 12 to 15 months after diagnosis.

Glioma is a type of tumor that develops in the brain or spinal cord from the support cells that help nerve cells function properly. These tumors can grow at different speeds and vary greatly in their seriousness, from slow-growing forms that may be manageable for years to aggressive types that require urgent and intensive treatment.

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of tiny filters in your kidneys called glomeruli, which can damage your kidney’s ability to remove waste and fluid from your blood. Some people show no symptoms, while others may notice changes in their urine or swelling in their body.

Acute glomerulonephritis is a sudden kidney problem that occurs when tiny filters inside your kidneys become inflamed and cannot work properly. Many people have no warning signs, while others may notice blood in their urine or swelling in their face and legs.

Chronic glomerulonephritis is a long-term kidney condition that develops slowly over months or years, causing progressive damage to the tiny filtering units inside your kidneys. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications including kidney failure.

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is an uncommon kidney disorder that involves inflammation and damage to the tiny filters in your kidneys, potentially leading to serious kidney problems and requiring ongoing medical care.

Membranous glomerulonephritis is a kidney disease where your immune system mistakenly attacks the tiny filters in your kidneys, causing protein to leak into your urine and potentially leading to serious complications if left untreated.

Minimal change disease is a kidney disorder that causes the tiny filters in your kidneys to leak protein into your urine, leading to swelling throughout the body. It is the most common cause of kidney problems in children, though adults can also develop this condition.

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is a serious kidney condition that can damage your kidneys in just days to weeks. Without early diagnosis and treatment, it can lead to permanent kidney failure.

Impaired glucose tolerance is a serious condition that affects millions of people worldwide, placing them at significant risk of developing type 2 diabetes. While this condition often develops without symptoms, early detection and lifestyle changes can reverse the process and prevent progression to full diabetes.

Glycogen storage disease type I is a rare inherited disorder that prevents the body from properly breaking down stored sugar, causing severe low blood sugar and serious health complications if left untreated.

Glycogen storage disease type II is a rare inherited condition that prevents the body from breaking down glycogen properly, leading to its buildup in cells and causing progressive muscle weakness, heart problems, and breathing difficulties that can be life-threatening without early treatment.

Glycogen storage disease type V is a rare inherited condition that affects how muscles use stored energy, causing fatigue, pain, and cramps during physical activity. While symptoms usually begin in childhood or young adulthood, many people aren’t diagnosed until decades later due to the condition often being misdiagnosed or overlooked.

Glycogen storage disorders are a group of rare inherited conditions that disrupt how the body stores or uses glycogen, a stored form of sugar that serves as the body’s main energy reserve. These disorders can lead to frequent episodes of dangerously low blood sugar, muscle weakness, and liver damage, but most types can be managed effectively with proper treatment.

Gout is a painful form of arthritis that strikes suddenly, causing severe joint pain and swelling when tiny needle-shaped crystals of uric acid build up in the joints.

Gouty arthritis, commonly known as gout, is one of the most painful yet treatable forms of arthritis. This condition occurs when sharp uric acid crystals build up in your joints, causing sudden and severe attacks of pain, swelling, and redness, most often in the big toe.

Graft infection is a serious complication that can occur when synthetic materials used to repair or replace blood vessels become infected by bacteria or other microorganisms. Though uncommon, affecting roughly 1 to 5 out of every 100 people who receive a vascular graft, this condition requires immediate attention and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

When donated stem cells see the body they are meant to heal as a threat, they can launch an attack that affects multiple organs and systems, creating a challenging condition that requires careful management and support.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare disease that causes inflammation of small blood vessels throughout the body, affecting mainly the respiratory system and kidneys, and requiring early treatment to prevent serious organ damage.

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune condition where the body’s own defense system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much thyroid hormone. This leads to an overactive thyroid that speeds up many body functions, affecting the heart, bones, eyes, and overall energy levels.

Growth hormone deficiency is a rare but treatable condition where the body doesn’t produce enough of an essential hormone needed for growth in children and healthy metabolism in adults.