Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition where the muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood properly. While many people live without symptoms, this genetic disease can lead to serious complications, including sudden cardiac death, particularly in young people and athletes.

A hypertrophic scar is a thick, raised scar that develops when your body produces too much collagen during the healing process. Unlike normal scars that fade and flatten over time, these scars remain elevated and can cause itching, pain, and movement restrictions, though they typically stay within the boundaries of the original wound.

Hypervolaemia occurs when your body holds onto too much fluid. This excess can cause swelling, breathing difficulties, and potentially serious heart problems. Understanding the causes and knowing how to manage this condition can help protect your health.

Hypoaesthesia is a decreased sensitivity to touch that can make you feel strangely numb or insensitive in parts of your body. While often temporary and harmless, this reduced sensation can sometimes indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires medical attention.

Hypoalbuminaemia is a widespread condition where the level of albumin protein in your blood falls below normal levels. This protein plays essential roles in keeping fluid inside blood vessels and moving important substances throughout your body. The condition is especially common among people who are hospitalized or seriously ill, and it often signals an underlying health problem that needs attention.

Hypocalcaemia is a treatable condition that occurs when calcium levels in the blood fall below normal. While some people experience no symptoms at all, others may face serious complications affecting the nervous system and heart if left untreated.

Hypochondroplasia is a genetic condition that affects how bones grow, leading to short stature and shortened limbs. While it shares similarities with achondroplasia, its features are often milder and may not be noticed until early childhood.

Hypochromic anaemia is a blood condition where red blood cells appear paler than normal due to lower levels of haemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen throughout the body. This condition most commonly occurs because of iron deficiency, though other causes exist, and affects millions of people worldwide, particularly women and young children.

Hypoglycaemia is a condition where blood sugar drops below safe levels, causing symptoms that range from shakiness and sweating to confusion and, in severe cases, loss of consciousness. While most common in people with diabetes who take insulin or certain medications, understanding how to recognize and treat low blood sugar quickly can prevent serious complications.

Male hypogonadism is a condition where the body doesn’t produce enough testosterone, the hormone essential for male development and characteristics, or enough sperm, or both. This condition can develop before birth, during puberty, or in adulthood, affecting physical development, sexual function, and overall health.

Hypomagnesemia is a condition where your blood contains less magnesium than normal. This essential mineral plays a vital role in keeping your heart, brain, and muscles working properly, and low levels can lead to symptoms ranging from muscle cramps to dangerous heart rhythm problems.

Hyponatraemia occurs when the level of sodium in your blood drops too low, creating an imbalance between water and sodium in your body. This common condition can range from mild with few symptoms to severe and life-threatening, affecting your brain and other vital organs.

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition where the body doesn’t make enough parathyroid hormone, leading to low calcium levels in the blood. While most cases occur after neck surgery, this treatable condition can be managed with proper care and supplements.

Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic condition that causes bones and teeth to become soft and weak, affecting people in very different ways depending on when symptoms first appear and how severe they are.

Hypopituitarism is a rare condition where your pituitary gland doesn’t produce enough of the hormones your body needs to function properly. This can affect growth, metabolism, reproduction, and many other vital processes, requiring careful diagnosis and often lifelong treatment.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a serious heart condition that babies are born with, where the left side of the heart doesn’t develop properly and is too small to pump blood effectively to the body.

Low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, occurs when blood flows through your blood vessels at lower than normal pressures. While many people have naturally low blood pressure without problems, sometimes it can signal an underlying health issue or cause troubling symptoms like dizziness and fainting.

Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, occurs when your thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. This common condition affects nearly 5 out of 100 Americans and can slow down many of your body’s functions, causing fatigue, weight gain, and other symptoms that develop gradually over time.

Hypotonia is a condition where muscles have less tension than normal, often making infants appear “floppy” or limp when held. While the condition itself is easily recognized, finding out what causes it can be challenging, and early diagnosis and treatment play an important role in helping children develop their movement skills.

Hypotransferrinaemia is an extremely rare genetic blood disorder that causes a puzzling combination: severe anemia despite iron overload in the body. This life-threatening condition requires lifelong treatment with regular plasma infusions to survive.

Hypoxia is a serious medical condition where your body’s tissues don’t receive enough oxygen. When oxygen levels drop too low, you might feel confused, restless, or struggle to breathe, and your skin may turn bluish. This condition can become life-threatening within minutes if not treated promptly.

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is a serious brain injury that occurs when a newborn’s brain doesn’t receive enough oxygen and blood during birth or shortly after. While some children recover completely, others may face lifelong challenges affecting their movement, learning, and development.

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus. After this surgery, you can no longer become pregnant and will not have menstrual periods. It is one of the most common surgeries for women, with approximately 600,000 performed each year in the United States.