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Autologous Cord Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells

This article discusses an innovative clinical trial investigating the use of autologous cord blood-derived mononuclear cells as a potential treatment for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The study, known as NEOSTEM, aims to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of this cell therapy in improving outcomes for affected infants. We’ll explore the key aspects of this trial, including its objectives, eligibility criteria, and potential implications for neonatal care.

Table of Contents

What are Autologous Cord Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells?

Autologous cord blood-derived mononuclear cells are a type of cell therapy derived from a baby’s own umbilical cord blood. These cells, also known as “Hau-UCB-mnc” or “Autologous mononuclear cells derived from human cord blood,” are being studied as a potential treatment for certain newborn conditions[1].

This treatment falls under the category of advanced therapy, specifically cell therapy. The cells are collected from the umbilical cord blood of the same baby who will receive the treatment, which is why it’s called “autologous” (meaning from oneself)[1].

Medical Condition: Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

The primary medical condition being studied for this treatment is neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This is a serious condition that occurs when a newborn baby’s brain doesn’t receive enough oxygen or blood flow around the time of birth[1].

HIE can lead to brain damage and may cause long-term neurological problems. Currently, one of the main treatments for HIE is therapeutic hypothermia (cooling the baby’s body temperature), but researchers are exploring whether cell therapy could provide additional benefits[1].

Treatment Details

The treatment involves preparing a suspension of the cord blood cells for intravenous infusion. The dosage is calculated based on the baby’s weight, with a target of 50 million cells per kilogram of body weight[1].

Key details about the treatment include:

  • Form: Suspension for intravenous (IV) infusion
  • Route of administration: Intravenous use
  • Maximum daily dose: 500 million colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g)
  • Maximum total dose: 100 million CFU/g
  • Maximum treatment period: 3 days

Eligibility Criteria

Not all babies with HIE will be eligible for this experimental treatment. The study has specific inclusion and exclusion criteria[1]:

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Signs of encephalopathy within 6 hours of birth (Sarnat and Sarnat classification, score ≥ 2)
  • Abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) or amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) within 6 hours of birth
  • Receiving therapeutic hypothermia
  • No maternal infection with HIV, HTLV 1 or 2, Hepatitis B or C virus
  • Negative maternal serology for syphilis
  • Written parental consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Major congenital anomalies, including severe metabolic diseases
  • Severe maternal-fetal infection responsible for the oxygen deprivation
  • Head trauma causing intracranial hemorrhage
  • Severe intrauterine growth restriction (birth weight < 1800g)
  • Child whose death is foreseeable in the short term
  • Parental refusal
  • Child born under specific circumstances (details not provided)
  • Inability to collect cord blood

Study Objectives

The main goals of the current research on this treatment are[1]:

  1. Primary objective: To test the safety and feasibility of using autologous cord blood stem cells as a curative treatment for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  2. Secondary objectives:
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment in preventing neurological complications
    • To determine the optimal timing for administering the cell preparation

Safety and Efficacy Measures

The researchers will be closely monitoring several aspects to ensure the treatment’s safety and to assess its potential benefits[1]:

  • Safety: They will track any clinical or paraclinical adverse events during the child’s short-term and long-term follow-up that could be attributed to the cell treatment.
  • Feasibility: The study will measure the percentage of children for whom the cell therapy procedure could be completed according to the required quality criteria.
  • Preliminary efficacy: The researchers will assess the neurodevelopmental function of the treated children up to 2 years of age to see if there are any improvements compared to standard care.

It’s important to note that this is a Phase II clinical trial, which means it’s still in the early stages of research. More studies will be needed to fully understand the safety and effectiveness of this treatment before it could become widely available[1].

Aspect Details
Study Name NEOSTEM (Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: safety and feasibility study of a curative treatment with autologous cord blood stem cells)
Primary Objective Test safety and feasibility of autologous cord blood stem cell treatment for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Secondary Objectives Test efficacy in preventing neurologic sequelae and determine optimal timing of cell administration
Key Inclusion Criteria Signs of encephalopathy within 6 hours, abnormal EEG, therapeutic hypothermia, no maternal infections
Key Exclusion Criteria Major congenital anomalies, severe maternal-fetal infection, head trauma, severe IUGR
Primary Endpoints Occurrence of adverse events, feasibility of completing cell therapy procedure
Secondary Endpoint Preliminary efficacy measured by neurodevelopmental function up to 2 years
Treatment Autologous cord blood-derived mononuclear cells, administered intravenously
Dosage Maximum daily dose: 500,000,000 CFU/g; Maximum total dose: 100,000,000 CFU/g
Treatment Duration Up to 3 days

FAQ

  • What is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)? Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition that occurs in newborns when their brain doesn't receive enough oxygen and blood flow around the time of birth. This can lead to brain damage and potentially long-term neurological problems.
  • What are autologous cord blood-derived mononuclear cells? Autologous cord blood-derived mononuclear cells are special cells collected from a baby's own umbilical cord blood at birth. These cells have the potential to help repair and regenerate damaged tissues, including brain tissue affected by HIE.
  • What is the main goal of the NEOSTEM clinical trial? The primary objective of the NEOSTEM trial is to test the safety and feasibility of using autologous cord blood-derived mononuclear cells as a treatment for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  • How are the stem cells administered in this trial? The autologous cord blood-derived mononuclear cells are prepared as a suspension and administered to the newborns through intravenous (IV) infusion.
  • What are some of the key eligibility criteria for the trial? Key eligibility criteria include signs of encephalopathy within 6 hours of age, abnormal electroencephalogram results, and the use of therapeutic hypothermia. Newborns with major congenital anomalies, severe maternal-fetal infections, or head trauma are excluded from the study.

Ongoing Clinical Trials on Autologous Cord Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells

  • Study of Autologous Cord Blood Stem Cells Treatment for Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

    Recruiting

    1 1
    Investigated drugs:
    France

Glossary

  • Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE): A serious condition in newborns where the brain doesn't receive enough oxygen and blood flow around the time of birth, potentially leading to brain damage and long-term neurological problems.
  • Autologous: Referring to cells or tissues that come from the same individual. In this case, the cord blood cells are collected from the baby's own umbilical cord.
  • Mononuclear cells: A type of blood cell with a single, round nucleus. These cells include certain types of white blood cells and stem cells that have the potential to develop into various cell types.
  • Therapeutic hypothermia: A medical treatment that involves cooling a newborn's body temperature to help reduce brain damage in cases of HIE.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG): A test that measures electrical activity in the brain, used to detect abnormalities in brain function.
  • Sarnat and Sarnat classification: A scoring system used to assess the severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborns.
  • Intravenous (IV) infusion: A method of delivering fluids or medications directly into a vein using a needle or catheter.
  • Neurodevelopmental function: The development of brain function related to learning, memory, behavior, and motor skills as a child grows.
  • Congenital anomalies: Birth defects or structural abnormalities present at or before birth.
  • IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction): A condition where a baby doesn't grow as expected during pregnancy, often resulting in a low birth weight.

References

  1. http://clinicaltrials.eu/trial/study-on-the-safety-and-feasibility-of-using-autologous-cord-blood-stem-cells-for-treating-newborns-with-hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy/