Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a medication used in this trial to treat biliary tract cancer. It is a type of targeted therapy that works by attaching to a specific protein called HER2 on the surface of cancer cells. Once attached, it delivers a powerful anti-cancer drug directly into the cancer cell, which helps to kill the cancer cells and stop them from growing.

Rilvegostomig is another medication being tested in this trial. It is designed to work alongside Trastuzumab Deruxtecan to enhance its effects. Rilvegostomig helps to boost the immune system’s ability to fight cancer by targeting specific pathways that cancer cells use to grow and spread.

Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug that is part of the standard treatment for biliary tract cancer. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. This helps to slow down or stop the progression of the cancer.

Cisplatin is another chemotherapy medication used in the standard treatment. It works by damaging the DNA in cancer cells, which prevents them from multiplying. This can help to shrink tumors and slow the spread of cancer.

Durvalumab is an immunotherapy drug that is part of the standard treatment. It helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. By blocking a specific protein that cancer cells use to hide from the immune system, Durvalumab allows the body’s natural defenses to better target and destroy the cancer.

Advanced HER2-expressing Biliary Tract Cancer – This is a type of cancer that occurs in the bile ducts, which are part of the digestive system. It is characterized by the overexpression of the HER2 protein, which can promote the growth of cancer cells. The disease typically progresses as the cancer cells grow and spread within the bile ducts and potentially to other parts of the body. As the cancer advances, it can cause blockages in the bile ducts, leading to symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, and digestive issues. The progression of the disease can vary, with some cases advancing more rapidly than others. The focus of research is often on understanding how the HER2 protein contributes to the disease’s progression and finding ways to target it effectively.