Nivolumab is a medication used in this trial to help the body’s immune system fight cancer cells. It works by blocking a protein that stops the immune system from attacking cancer cells, allowing the immune system to better target and destroy them.

Ipilimumab is another medication used in combination with nivolumab in this trial. It also helps the immune system attack cancer cells by blocking a different protein that can prevent the immune system from working effectively against cancer.

Sorafenib is a standard treatment option in this trial. It is a type of medication that works by blocking certain proteins that help cancer cells grow and spread. It is used to slow down the growth of cancer cells and reduce the size of tumors.

Lenvatinib is another standard treatment option in this trial. It works similarly to sorafenib by targeting proteins that contribute to the growth and spread of cancer cells. It helps to slow down the progression of the cancer and can shrink tumors.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma – This is the most common type of primary liver cancer, originating in the liver cells known as hepatocytes. It often develops in the context of chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis. The disease typically progresses by forming a mass in the liver, which can grow and spread to other parts of the body. As it advances, it may cause symptoms like abdominal pain, weight loss, and jaundice. The progression can vary, with some tumors growing slowly while others may spread rapidly. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the lack of early symptoms.