Enfortumab Vedotin is a type of cancer treatment known as an antibody-drug conjugate. It works by attaching to cancer cells and delivering a powerful drug directly to them, which helps to kill the cancer cells while trying to minimize damage to normal cells. In this trial, it is being used to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Pembrolizumab, also known as MK-3475, is an immunotherapy medication. It helps your immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. It is used in this trial to help treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer by boosting the body’s natural defenses against the cancer.

Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug that works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing. It is used in this trial as part of a treatment plan for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, aiming to shrink the tumor before surgery.

Cisplatin is another chemotherapy medication that helps to kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA. It is often used in combination with other drugs to treat various types of cancer, including bladder cancer, as part of a strategy to reduce the size of the tumor before surgical removal.

Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer – Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer is a type of bladder cancer that has spread into the muscle layer of the bladder wall. It typically begins in the cells lining the bladder and progresses deeper into the bladder muscle. As the cancer grows, it can invade surrounding tissues and organs, potentially spreading to other parts of the body. The progression of this disease can lead to symptoms such as blood in the urine, frequent urination, and pain during urination. Over time, the cancer may cause more severe symptoms as it affects other areas. The disease’s progression is influenced by various factors, including the cancer’s stage and grade.