Nasal Oxygen Therapy is being studied to see if it can help reduce complications after ankle surgery in patients who are considered “at risk.” These patients may have conditions like diabetes, smoking habits, or complex fractures that could make recovery more difficult. The therapy involves providing oxygen through the nose to improve healing and reduce the chance of complications after surgery.

Diabetes Mellitus – A chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood due to the body’s inability to produce or effectively use insulin. Over time, high blood sugar levels can lead to damage of various organs and systems, particularly the nerves and blood vessels. It often progresses with symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. If not managed, it can result in complications affecting the heart, eyes, kidneys, and feet.

Peripheral Neuropathy – A disorder that occurs when nerves outside the brain and spinal cord are damaged, often causing weakness, numbness, and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can result from various causes, including diabetes, infections, and exposure to toxins. The condition may progress slowly, with symptoms worsening over time, potentially leading to difficulties in movement and coordination.

Obstructive Arterial Disease of the Lower Limbs – A condition where blood flow to the legs is reduced due to narrowed or blocked arteries, often caused by atherosclerosis. This can lead to symptoms such as leg pain when walking, known as claudication, and can progress to more severe pain at rest. If untreated, it may result in tissue damage and ulcers due to insufficient blood supply.

Microangiopathy – A disease affecting the small blood vessels, often seen in conditions like diabetes, where the walls of these vessels become thickened and weakened. This can lead to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues, potentially causing damage to organs such as the eyes and kidneys. Over time, it may contribute to complications like retinopathy and nephropathy.

Complex Fractures – These are severe bone fractures that involve multiple breaks or are associated with dislocation, often requiring surgical intervention. They can include bimalleolar, trimalleolar, and tibial pilon fractures, among others. The healing process can be prolonged and complicated, with a risk of delayed union or non-union of the bone.

Open Fractures – A type of fracture where the bone breaks through the skin, creating an open wound. This condition poses a higher risk of infection and requires prompt medical treatment to prevent complications. Healing can be complex, often involving surgical repair and extended recovery time.