Hepatitis B Vaccine is used in this study to help the body develop immunity against the hepatitis B virus. The vaccine is given in different ways to see which method is most effective for patients with cirrhosis who did not respond to the usual vaccine regimen. Some patients receive the vaccine through a simple intramuscular injection, while others receive it through an intradermal injection, which is just under the skin.

Imiquimod is a cream applied to the skin before the hepatitis B vaccine is given. It is used in this study to see if it can help improve the body’s response to the vaccine when applied topically before the intradermal injection of the vaccine. Imiquimod is known to stimulate the immune system, and researchers are testing if it can enhance the effectiveness of the vaccine in patients who have not responded to the standard vaccination method.

Cirrhosis – Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue, leading to impaired liver function. Over time, the liver becomes increasingly unable to perform its vital functions, such as detoxifying the blood, producing proteins, and storing nutrients. The progression of cirrhosis can lead to complications like fluid buildup in the abdomen, bleeding from enlarged veins, and confusion due to toxin buildup. The disease often progresses slowly, and symptoms may not appear until significant liver damage has occurred. Factors contributing to cirrhosis include chronic alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis, and fatty liver disease. As the disease advances, the liver’s ability to regenerate is overwhelmed by the ongoing damage.