Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) is a medication used to prevent and treat blood clots. In this trial, it is being used with reduced anticoagulation targets to see if it can lower the risk of major bleeding while still preventing clots effectively during extracorporeal life support.

Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) is another type of blood thinner used to prevent and treat blood clots. This trial is testing if using LMWH can reduce the occurrence of major bleeding without increasing the risk of clotting problems, compared to the standard practice of using UFH with higher anticoagulation targets.

Hemorrhagic Stroke – This condition occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to bleeding in or around the brain. The bleeding can cause pressure on brain tissues, leading to damage. Symptoms may include sudden severe headache, weakness, confusion, or difficulty speaking. As the condition progresses, it can lead to further neurological impairments. The severity and progression depend on the location and extent of the bleeding. Immediate medical attention is crucial to manage the condition effectively.

Ischemic Stroke – This type of stroke happens when a blood clot blocks or narrows an artery leading to the brain, reducing blood flow. The lack of blood flow causes brain cells to begin dying within minutes. Symptoms often include sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking, or loss of balance. The progression can lead to significant neurological deficits if not promptly addressed. The extent of damage depends on the duration and location of the blockage. Early intervention is key to minimizing long-term effects.

Limb Ischemia – This condition arises when there is a severe reduction in blood flow to a limb, often due to a blockage in the arteries. It can cause pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected limb. As it progresses, it may lead to tissue damage or even gangrene if blood flow is not restored. The severity of symptoms can vary based on the extent of the blockage and the duration of reduced blood flow. Prompt medical treatment is essential to prevent permanent damage.

Acute Pump Failure – This occurs when a mechanical pump, such as those used in ECMO therapy, fails to function properly. It can lead to inadequate circulation of blood and oxygen throughout the body. Symptoms may include sudden drop in blood pressure, reduced oxygen levels, or signs of organ dysfunction. The progression of this condition can be rapid and requires immediate intervention to restore proper circulation. The underlying cause of the pump failure needs to be addressed to prevent recurrence.

Pulmonary Embolism – This condition is characterized by a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually due to blood clots that travel from the legs or other parts of the body. Symptoms can include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing. As the condition progresses, it can lead to reduced oxygen levels in the blood and strain on the heart. The severity depends on the size and number of clots. Quick medical intervention is crucial to manage the condition effectively.