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Rubella Virus Wistar Ra 27/3 Strain (Live, Attenuated) Produced In Wi-38 Human Diploid Lung Fibroblasts

This article examines several clinical trials investigating the use of the Rubella Virus Wistar RA 27/3 Strain vaccine, a component of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. These studies explore the vaccine’s effectiveness, safety, and immune responses in different populations, including children, adults, and patients with specific health conditions. The trials aim to improve our understanding of vaccine administration methods, timing, and potential broader health impacts beyond direct disease prevention.

Table of Contents

What is Rubella Virus Wistar RA 27/3 Strain?

The Rubella Virus Wistar RA 27/3 Strain is a live, attenuated (weakened) form of the rubella virus. It is produced in WI-38 human diploid lung fibroblasts, which are special cells used to grow the virus for vaccine production. This strain is a crucial component of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine, which protects against three different viral diseases.[1]

How It Works

As a live, attenuated vaccine, the Rubella Virus Wistar RA 27/3 Strain works by introducing a weakened form of the rubella virus into the body. This stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus without causing the actual disease. When a person later encounters the real rubella virus, their immune system is prepared to fight it off, preventing infection.[1]

Uses and Benefits

The primary use of the Rubella Virus Wistar RA 27/3 Strain is in the prevention of rubella, also known as German measles. As part of the MMR vaccine, it offers several benefits:

  • Prevention of rubella: It helps protect individuals from contracting rubella, a viral infection that can cause fever, rash, and other symptoms.
  • Protection against congenital rubella syndrome: Vaccination is especially important for women of childbearing age, as rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects.
  • Contribution to herd immunity: Widespread vaccination helps protect vulnerable individuals who cannot receive the vaccine, such as those with certain medical conditions.

Administration

The Rubella Virus Wistar RA 27/3 Strain is typically administered as part of the MMR vaccine. The vaccine is usually given in two doses:

  1. The first dose is generally given to children between 12 and 15 months of age.
  2. The second dose is usually administered between 4 and 6 years of age.

In some cases, such as during measles outbreaks, an early dose (known as MMR-0) may be given to infants between 6 and 12 months of age.[2]

The vaccine is typically administered via subcutaneous injection, although some research is exploring alternative methods of administration.[3]

Safety and Side Effects

The MMR vaccine, including the Rubella Virus Wistar RA 27/3 Strain, is generally considered safe and effective. However, like all vaccines, it can cause some side effects. Common side effects may include:

  • Soreness or redness at the injection site
  • Mild fever
  • Rash
  • Temporary joint pain (more common in adults, especially women)

Serious side effects are rare but can include severe allergic reactions. It’s important to discuss any concerns or potential contraindications with a healthcare provider before receiving the vaccine.[1]

Ongoing Research

Several clinical trials are currently exploring various aspects of the MMR vaccine, including the Rubella Virus Wistar RA 27/3 Strain:

  • Alternative administration methods: One study is investigating the potential of epicutaneous (on the skin) administration of the MMR vaccine, which could potentially induce a stronger immune response in the respiratory system.[3]
  • Early vaccination during outbreaks: Research is being conducted on the effectiveness of administering an early dose of the MMR vaccine (MMR-0) to infants between 6 and 12 months of age during measles outbreaks.[2]
  • Immune system effects: Some studies are exploring whether the MMR vaccine might have broader effects on the immune system, potentially helping to reduce inflammation in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[3]

These ongoing studies aim to further improve our understanding of the vaccine’s effects and explore potential new applications or administration methods.

Trial Name Population Main Objective Key Endpoints
2022-501564-18-00 Healthy children 4-6 years old Evaluate immunogenicity and safety of MMRVNS vaccines Antibody GMCs, seroresponse rates, safety and reactogenicity
2023-503845-79-01 Healthy adults 18-34 years old Compare epicutaneous vs. standard MMR vaccination Mucosal IgA immune response, systemic and respiratory immune responses
2023-504519-34-01 COPD patients Assess effects of live vaccines on innate immune training Changes in innate immune system, systemic inflammation, epigenetic markers
2024-513395-18-00 Infants 6-12 months old Evaluate immune response to early MMR-0 immunization Measles-specific antibody concentrations, maternal antibody effects

FAQ

  • What age groups are being studied in these clinical trials? The clinical trials involve various age groups, including children aged 4-6 years, adults aged 18-34 years, and infants between 6-12 months old. Each study focuses on different aspects of vaccine effectiveness and safety for these specific age ranges.
  • Are there any new administration methods being tested for the MMR vaccine? Yes, one study is exploring epicutaneous (on the skin) administration of the MMR vaccine compared to the standard injection method. This trial aims to determine if skin application can generate appropriate mucosal immune responses.
  • What is the purpose of giving an early extra MMR vaccine to infants? The ELMO study is investigating the effectiveness of giving an early extra MMR vaccine (MMR-0) to infants between 6-12 months old during a measles outbreak. This aims to assess the immune response and potential protection provided by early vaccination.
  • Are these trials only focused on preventing rubella? While the Rubella Virus vaccine is a key component, these trials are studying the full MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. Some studies are also exploring potential broader effects on the immune system.
  • What safety measures are in place for participants in these clinical trials? The trials have strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure participant safety. This includes health screenings, consideration of pre-existing conditions, and monitoring for adverse events. Additionally, some trials are using established, approved vaccines to minimize risks.

Ongoing Clinical Trials on Rubella Virus Wistar Ra 27/3 Strain (Live, Attenuated) Produced In Wi-38 Human Diploid Lung Fibroblasts

  • Evaluating measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (live) in lactating women to enhance infant mucosal immunity

    Not yet recruiting

    1 1 1 1
    Investigated drugs:
    Belgium

  • Study on Early Measles Immunization with MMR-0 Vaccine for Infants Under 12 Months During a Measles Outbreak

    Not yet recruiting

    1 1 1 1
    Investigated drugs:
    The Netherlands

  • Study on Immune Response and Safety of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Vaccine in Healthy Children Aged 4 to 6 Years

    Not yet recruiting

    1 1 1
    Investigated drugs:
    Latvia Spain

  • Study on the Effectiveness of Skin Patch Vaccination with Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine in Healthy Volunteers

    Not recruiting

    1 1 1
    Investigated diseases:
    Investigated drugs:
    Denmark

  • Study on the Effects of Live Vaccines (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, BCG) on Immune System in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

    Not recruiting

    1 1
    Investigated drugs:
    Denmark

Glossary

  • Epicutaneous: Refers to application on the surface of the skin. In vaccine administration, this means applying the vaccine onto the skin rather than injecting it.
  • MMR Vaccine: A combination vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. It contains live attenuated (weakened) viruses of these three diseases.
  • Immunogenicity: The ability of a substance, such as a vaccine, to provoke an immune response in the body.
  • Seroresponse: The development of antibodies in the blood as a result of vaccination or infection.
  • Geometric Mean Concentration (GMC): A measure of the average concentration of antibodies in a group of subjects, calculated using the geometric mean.
  • Reactogenicity: The capacity of a vaccine to produce common, expected adverse reactions, usually mild and self-limited.
  • COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a group of lung diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems.
  • Innate Immune Training: A process where the innate immune system develops an enhanced response to subsequent infections or stimuli after an initial exposure.
  • Maternal Antibodies: Antibodies passed from mother to infant during pregnancy, providing temporary immunity to the newborn.
  • PRNT: Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test, a method used to measure virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in serum.

References

  1. http://clinicaltrials.eu/trial-id/2022-501564-18-00
  2. http://clinicaltrials.eu/trial-id/2024-513395-18-00
  3. http://clinicaltrials.eu/trial/study-on-the-effects-of-live-vaccines-measles-mumps-rubella-bcg-on-immune-system-in-patients-with-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/