Sufentanil is a strong pain‑relieving medicine that belongs to the opioid family. In this study it is given through an IV line during the operation, using a special technique that keeps the drug level steady (continuous infusion). The researchers are testing whether this drug can keep patients comfortable after urgent laparoscopic gallbladder removal, aiming to see if it works at least as well as the usual opioid used in the hospital.

Fentanyl is another opioid commonly used to control pain during surgery. In the trial it is administered by IV injection or infusion according to the standard practice at the hospital. It serves as the comparison drug, allowing the investigators to see if the new approach with sufentanil provides similar or better pain relief after the operation.

Acute cholecystitis – Acute cholecystitis is the sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by a blockage of the bile duct by gallstones. The blockage leads to a buildup of bile, which irritates the gallbladder wall and triggers swelling. Symptoms often begin with sharp pain in the upper right abdomen that may spread to the back or shoulder. The inflammation can cause the gallbladder to become tender, and the pain may worsen after eating fatty meals. Over time, the swelling can increase, making the pain more persistent and sometimes accompanied by a mild fever.

Gallstone disease – Gallstone disease refers to the formation of solid particles, called gallstones, within the gallbladder. These stones develop when bile components harden, often because of excess cholesterol or bilirubin. Small stones may pass unnoticed, but larger ones can block the flow of bile. When a stone blocks the bile duct, it can cause sudden abdominal pain, especially after meals. Repeated blockage can lead to repeated episodes of discomfort and irritation of the gallbladder.