Vasoconstrictor Periarticular Infiltration (PIV) is a local anesthetic technique where medications that constrict blood vessels are injected around the joints and surgical area. This helps reduce bleeding during surgery and manages pain after the procedure.

Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block is a regional anesthesia technique where pain medication is injected near the spine muscles. This creates a numbing effect in the back area, helping to control pain during and after surgery. The medication spreads along the back muscles to block pain signals from reaching the brain.

Both techniques are used in lumbar fusion surgery to help control bleeding and manage post-surgical pain, but they work in different ways and target different areas around the spine.

Lumbar Arthrodesis – A medical condition where two or more vertebrae in the lower back (lumbar spine) are joined together through a surgical fusion process. The condition develops when there is instability, degeneration, or damage to the lumbar spine that requires permanent stabilization. During the natural healing process following surgery, the fused vertebrae gradually grow together to form a single, solid bone. This fusion process typically occurs over several months as the body creates new bone tissue between the vertebrae. The condition affects the normal flexibility of the spine at the fused segments, though this is intentional to provide stability and reduce pain.