Desflurane is a type of medication used to keep patients asleep during surgery. It is a gas that is inhaled through a mask or a breathing tube. In this trial, it is being used to see if it affects the chances of experiencing confusion or disorientation after surgery, which is known as postoperative delirium.

Sevoflurane is another medication used to maintain sleep during surgery. Like desflurane, it is also a gas that patients breathe in. The trial is investigating whether using sevoflurane during surgery has any impact on the likelihood of developing postoperative delirium in elderly patients.

Propofol is a medication that helps keep patients asleep during surgery, but unlike desflurane and sevoflurane, it is given through an injection into a vein. This trial is examining if propofol affects the chances of experiencing postoperative delirium in elderly patients after surgery.

Postoperative Delirium – Postoperative delirium is a temporary state of confusion that can occur after surgery, particularly in elderly patients. It typically manifests within the first few days following the procedure. Symptoms include disorientation, difficulty focusing, and fluctuating levels of consciousness. The condition can vary in severity and may involve hallucinations or agitation. It is often influenced by factors such as the type of anesthesia used and the patient’s overall health. Recovery from postoperative delirium can take several days, with symptoms gradually diminishing.

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction – Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and executive function following surgery. It is more common in older adults and can occur after both cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries. The condition may not be immediately apparent and can develop days or weeks after the procedure. POCD can affect daily functioning and quality of life, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to factors like anesthesia, inflammation, and stress from surgery. Recovery can vary, with some individuals experiencing improvement over time.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting – Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications following surgery, characterized by feelings of nausea and episodes of vomiting. These symptoms can occur shortly after the procedure or develop over the following days. PONV is influenced by factors such as the type of surgery, anesthesia used, and individual patient characteristics. It can lead to discomfort, dehydration, and delayed recovery. The condition is typically self-limiting, with symptoms resolving as the body recovers from the effects of anesthesia and surgery. Management focuses on minimizing triggers and providing supportive care.