Surfactant is a natural substance that helps keep the tiny air sacs in the lungs open, making it easier to breathe. In this trial, it’s given to premature babies to help their underdeveloped lungs work better. The medication is administered directly into the lungs through a thin tube, using a technique called “Less Invasive Surfactant Administration” (LISA). This treatment helps prevent breathing difficulties in premature infants and supports their lung development.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome – A breathing disorder that primarily affects premature infants whose lungs haven’t fully developed. The condition occurs when the lungs lack a protective substance called surfactant, which helps the tiny air sacs in the lungs stay open. Without enough surfactant, the lungs cannot expand properly, making it difficult for the baby to breathe. The condition typically develops within the first few hours after birth. Breathing becomes rapid and labored, with visible signs like grunting, flaring nostrils, and chest retractions. The severity of RDS usually depends on how premature the infant is and how underdeveloped their lungs are at birth.