Dexmedetomidine is a sedative medication that helps patients relax and sleep. It works by affecting certain natural chemicals in the brain. In this trial, it is given during the night after surgery to help elderly patients sleep better. This medication is commonly used in intensive care units and during surgical procedures. It can help reduce anxiety and promote better quality sleep, which may help patients recover better after major surgery. The medication is given through an intravenous line (IV).

Post-surgical Sleep Disturbance – A condition that occurs after major surgery where normal sleep patterns are disrupted. It commonly involves difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, and poor sleep quality during the recovery period. The condition can be particularly pronounced during the first few nights after surgery and may be accompanied by changes in sleep architecture and circadian rhythm disruption.

Post-operative Fatigue – A state of physical and mental exhaustion that develops after surgical procedures. It manifests as decreased energy levels, reduced physical performance, and general weakness. The condition typically begins immediately after surgery and can affect both mental alertness and physical capabilities.

Post-operative Muscle Weakness – A decrease in muscle strength and function that occurs following surgery. It affects both upper and lower body muscle groups, impacting activities such as grip strength and mobility. The condition can influence basic physical activities and movement patterns during the recovery period.

Post-operative Delirium – A temporary state of confusion and reduced awareness that can occur after surgery, particularly in older adults. It involves changes in attention, awareness, and cognitive function. The condition typically develops within the first few days after surgery and can fluctuate throughout the day.

Post-operative Cognitive Dysfunction – A decline in cognitive function that can occur following surgery, affecting memory, attention, and information processing. It is more common in older adults and can impact various aspects of mental function. The condition may affect daily activities requiring mental focus and decision-making.