Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a medication that helps reduce bleeding during surgery. It works by preventing blood clots from breaking down too quickly, which helps control blood loss. This medication is given before surgery and is particularly useful in orthopedic procedures like hip surgeries. It’s a well-established medication that has been used safely in both adults and children to manage surgical bleeding.

Placebo is an inactive substance that contains no medication. It’s used as a comparison to measure how effective the real medication (tranexamic acid) is at reducing blood loss during surgery.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) – A hip condition where the upper end of the thigh bone (femoral head) slips backward off the neck of the bone. This condition typically occurs during periods of rapid growth in adolescence. The slip develops gradually over time and can affect one or both hips.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCPD) – A childhood hip disorder that affects the head of the femur. The condition occurs when blood supply to the hip joint is temporarily interrupted, causing the bone cells to die. Over time, the bone gradually reforms, but may heal in an abnormal shape.

Neuromuscular conditions – A group of disorders that affect the functioning of muscles and their control by the nervous system. These conditions can cause muscle weakness, movement problems, and impair normal joint development. The conditions can affect various parts of the body including the hips.

Secondary hip dysplasia – A condition where the hip joint develops abnormally as a result of another underlying medical condition or previous trauma. The hip socket may be too shallow or incorrectly shaped, leading to improper fit of the hip joint.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) – A condition present from birth where the hip joint hasn’t formed normally. The ball part of the joint may be loose in the socket or may be completely dislocated. This condition can affect one or both hips and ranges from mild to severe.