Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) is a medical treatment that uses stool from a healthy donor, which is processed and delivered in frozen capsule form. The treatment aims to restore healthy gut bacteria. It works by introducing beneficial bacteria from a healthy person’s digestive system to help fight against harmful bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. This treatment is being studied as a way to remove dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the intestines of affected patients.

The treatment involves taking specially prepared capsules that contain carefully screened and processed stool material. The capsules are designed to release their contents in the right part of the digestive system, where the beneficial bacteria can establish themselves and help restore a healthy balance of gut microorganisms.

Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Colonization – A condition where harmful bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics settle and grow in the human body, particularly in the digestive system. These bacteria have developed the ability to survive treatment with various common antibiotics through genetic changes. The bacteria can live in the body without causing immediate illness but may lead to infections if the person’s immune system weakens. The colonization often occurs in healthcare settings and can persist for extended periods. These bacteria include specific groups like CRE (Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) and ESBL-producing organisms (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase).

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Colonization – A specific type of bacterial colonization where Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria have become resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. These bacteria naturally live in the intestines but have developed strong resistance mechanisms. The bacteria can remain in the digestive system without causing symptoms. The colonization can persist for months or even years.

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Colonization – A condition where bacteria produce enzymes that can break down and resist many common antibiotics. These bacteria typically live in the digestive tract without causing immediate symptoms. The colonization occurs when ESBL-producing bacteria establish themselves in the gut. The bacteria can remain present for extended periods.