[18F]F-AraG is a special imaging agent used in this study to help visualize changes in tumor cells. It is used to see how the tumor in the lungs takes up this agent before and after receiving radiotherapy. This helps doctors understand how the cancer is responding to the treatment.

Radiotherapy is a treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. In this trial, it is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, and the study aims to observe how the cancer cells change after receiving this therapy.

Melanoma – Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes. It often appears as a new mole or a change in an existing mole, with irregular shapes and multiple colors. Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, but it is more common in areas exposed to the sun. As it progresses, melanoma can grow deeper into the skin and spread to other parts of the body. Early stages may be confined to the skin, but advanced stages can involve lymph nodes and internal organs. The progression of melanoma is influenced by factors such as genetic predisposition and UV exposure.

Breast Cancer – Breast cancer is a disease where cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. It can begin in different parts of the breast, most commonly in the ducts or lobules. As the cancer progresses, it may spread to nearby lymph nodes and other parts of the body. Symptoms can include a lump in the breast, changes in breast shape, or skin dimpling. The progression of breast cancer varies depending on the type and stage at diagnosis. Hormonal, lifestyle, and environmental factors can influence its development.

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer – Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of cases. It typically starts in the epithelial cells lining the lungs and can grow slowly or rapidly, depending on the subtype. As NSCLC progresses, it can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain or bones. Symptoms may include a persistent cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The progression of NSCLC is influenced by factors like smoking history and genetic mutations. Early detection is crucial for managing its spread.

Esophageal Cancer – Esophageal cancer occurs in the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. It usually begins in the cells lining the esophagus and can be classified into two main types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. As the cancer progresses, it can cause difficulty swallowing, weight loss, and chest pain. It may spread to nearby lymph nodes and other organs, such as the liver or lungs. The progression of esophageal cancer is influenced by factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and chronic acid reflux. Early stages may be asymptomatic, making early detection challenging.