L19IL2 is a medication used in this trial that is administered directly into the tumor. It is designed to help the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. This medication combines a specific protein that targets cancer cells with a substance that stimulates the immune system.

L19TNF is another medication used in the trial, also administered directly into the tumor. It works by targeting cancer cells and delivering a substance that can cause the death of these cells. This medication aims to reduce the size of the tumors and improve the overall response to treatment.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) – This is a type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells, which are found in the outermost layer of the skin. It typically appears as a slightly transparent bump on the skin, though it can take other forms. BCC grows slowly and is most often found on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the head and neck. While it rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it can grow into nearby areas and invade bone or other tissues beneath the skin if not treated. BCC is the most common form of skin cancer and is often linked to long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) – This is a common form of skin cancer that arises from the squamous cells, which make up most of the skin’s upper layers. It often manifests as a red, scaly patch, open sore, or wart-like growth that may crust or bleed. cSCC is primarily caused by cumulative UV exposure over a lifetime, and it is more likely to occur on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the face, ears, neck, lips, and backs of the hands. Unlike basal cell carcinoma, cSCC can sometimes spread to other parts of the body, though this is less common. It is generally more aggressive than BCC and can cause significant damage if not addressed.