This clinical trial is focused on studying a type of lung cancer known as metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The study is specifically for patients who have a certain genetic marker called HLA-A2 and have experienced a return of cancer after initial treatment with immune therapy. The trial will compare two treatments: a cancer vaccine called OSE2101 (also known by its code name TEDOPI) and a chemotherapy drug called docetaxel. The purpose of the study is to determine which treatment is more effective in helping patients live longer.

Participants in the study will receive either the cancer vaccine or the chemotherapy drug. The cancer vaccine, OSE2101, is given as an injection under the skin, while docetaxel is administered through an intravenous infusion, which means it is given directly into a vein. The study will last for up to 24 months, during which time the health and progress of the participants will be closely monitored by the research team. The main goal is to see which treatment helps patients live longer, regardless of the cause of death.

This study is important for patients with NSCLC who have not responded to previous immune therapy treatments. By comparing the cancer vaccine with chemotherapy, researchers hope to find a more effective treatment option for these patients. The trial will provide valuable information on the safety and effectiveness of OSE2101 compared to docetaxel, potentially leading to better treatment strategies for this type of lung cancer.