Bovine Chondroitin Sulfate
This is a supplement derived from cow cartilage that helps reduce joint pain and improve function in people with knee osteoarthritis. It works by helping to maintain the structure and function of cartilage in the knee joint.

Marine Chondroitin Sulfate
This is a supplement extracted from marine sources (like fish cartilage) that also helps reduce joint pain and improve movement in people with knee osteoarthritis. Like its bovine counterpart, it supports cartilage health and joint function.

Placebo
A placebo tablet that contains no active ingredients is used as a control in this study to compare the effectiveness of both types of chondroitin sulfate.

Knee Osteoarthritis – A degenerative joint disease that affects the knee, characterized by the breakdown of cartilage that cushions the ends of bones. The condition develops gradually as the protective cartilage wears down over time, leading to changes in the underlying bone. It causes joint stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity, and typically results in pain that worsens with activity. The affected knee may become swollen, develop bone spurs, and lose its normal range of motion. People with knee osteoarthritis often experience difficulty with daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or getting up from a seated position.