The purpose is to determine whether allowing patients to choose their treatment reduces feelings of regret about that choice after twelve months. Participants are randomly placed into either the choice group or the surgery‑only group, receive the assigned treatment, and are followed for about a year with regular check‑ups.

During follow‑up, patients answer questions about any regret regarding the initial treatment, report any return of symptoms, and complete a questionnaire about overall quality of life. This information is used to compare the outcomes of the two treatment strategies.

After the transplant, the treatment is given over about one year. One group receives a reduced dose of the immune-suppressing medicine, while the other group receives the standard dose. During the study, the health of the transplanted kidney is followed, and the study team looks for signs of rejection, infection, kidney function changes, and other serious problems. A biopsy, which is a small sample taken from the kidney, may be used to check for rejection.

The study also looks for dnDSAs, which are new antibodies made by the body against the transplanted kidney, and eGFR, a blood test that helps show how well the kidney is working. Other terms used in the study include ddcfDNA, a small amount of DNA from the transplanted kidney that can be found in the blood, and dialysis, a treatment that replaces some kidney function if the transplant stops working.

In the study, lidocaine is given as a continuous infusion during the anesthesia period. Blood samples are taken at different times so that the amount of lidocaine in the blood can be checked. The study also follows pain after surgery and any side effects that may be related to lidocaine, as well as the use of pain medicine after the procedure.

The information from this trial may help improve understanding of how age can change the effect and behavior of lidocaine in the body. This may support safer and more appropriate use of the drug in different age groups.

The process involves comparing the results of the new imaging method with standard ways of checking how well the liver is working. These existing methods include the indocyanine green clearance test, which measures how the liver processes a specific dye, and various scoring systems like the Child-Pugh score and the MELD score used to assess liver health. Additionally, ultrasound elastography, a non-invasive way to check the stiffness of the liver, may be used. By comparing these different tools, the study seeks to find the most accurate way to identify patients who might face complications after their surgery.

The group receiving General Anaesthesia will be given remifentanil hydrochloride and propofol through an intravenous infusion, which is a method of delivering medication directly into a vein. The group receiving Spinal Anaesthesia will receive medications through intrathecal use, which means the medicine is injected into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord. The medications used for this method include bupivacaine hydrochloride, epinephrine, sufentanil citrate, or fentanyl citrate.

During the course of the study, researchers will observe the time it takes for patients to move from the start of anesthesia through different stages of recovery. Information will be gathered regarding the use of analgesics, which are pain-relieving medicines, and the levels of pain experienced after surgery. The study will also track the ability of patients to move around, such as walking, and will monitor any unwanted side effects or the need for blood transfusions to ensure patient safety and recovery quality.

During the study, patients will receive tranexamic acid through an intravenous (IV) line when they are admitted to the hospital and during their surgery. The study will monitor the patients’ blood levels and overall health to see how effective the treatment is in reducing blood loss. The study will also track any side effects or complications that may occur during the hospital stay and up to a year after surgery.

The study aims to provide valuable information on whether tranexamic acid can help patients with hip fractures by reducing the need for blood transfusions and improving recovery outcomes. This research could lead to better treatment options for individuals suffering from hip fractures in the future.

The purpose of this study is to compare two different doses of enoxaparin to see which one works better at preventing major blood clots in people who have suffered severe injuries. Some patients will receive what is called an intermediate dose, which is a medium amount of the medication, while others will receive a standard dose, which is the usual amount doctors typically prescribe. Some patients will receive placebo. The study will look at whether patients develop serious blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis, which are clots that form in the deep veins of the legs, or pulmonary embolism, which are clots that travel to the lungs.

Patients in this study will receive injections under the skin of either the intermediate dose or standard dose of enoxaparin for up to 14 days while they are recovering from their injuries. During this time, doctors will carefully monitor patients for any signs of blood clots or bleeding problems. The study will also track whether patients experience any major bleeding, since blood-thinning medications can sometimes increase the risk of bleeding. All participants will be followed for 30 days after starting the treatment to see how well they recover and whether they develop any complications related to blood clots or bleeding.

The purpose of this study is to check whether this treatment method is safe and practical for older and more fragile women with advanced ovarian cancer who may not be suitable for a similar treatment that uses heat. The study will look at how the treatment affects the body, including any side effects or complications that may occur during or after surgery. It will also measure how the drug moves through the body and how it affects both healthy tissue and cancer tissue in the abdominal area. Additionally, the study will examine how this treatment affects inflammation and blood flow in the tissues.

Women participating in this study will first receive chemotherapy before surgery to shrink the cancer. Then, during surgery to remove the cancer, they will receive carboplatin directly into the abdominal cavity. After surgery, they will be monitored for any complications and side effects. The study will track how long patients stay in the hospital, whether they need additional surgeries, and how soon they can start additional chemotherapy after surgery. The study will also look at quality of life through questionnaires and will measure various biological markers in both tissue samples and blood to understand how the treatment works. The entire study is expected to continue until 2027.

During the study, patients will undergo the standard surgery to remove their diseased bladder and create a new one from intestinal tissue. At the same time, the expanded autologous urothelial cells, which are the patient’s own bladder lining cells, will be placed onto the inside of the new bladder using the bioprinter. The study will monitor patients for any serious problems such as death, rejection of the new bladder, or the need for additional surgery to fix complications. Doctors will also watch for any side effects or complications that happen during or after the surgery.

The study will also look at how well the bioprinter works and whether it is easy to use during surgery. Patients will be checked to see if the new bladder functions properly, including whether they can control urination, if there is mucus production, and if there are any chemical imbalances in the blood. Tissue samples will be examined to see how well the bladder lining cells have grown on the new bladder. The study will also measure changes in quality of life to understand how patients feel after the treatment.

Patients participating in this study will have experienced persistent headaches for at least 24 hours despite receiving conservative treatment such as rest, fluids, and pain medication. They will receive either the sphenopalatine block or the blood patch procedure. After the treatment, headache intensity will be measured using a scale from zero to ten, where zero means no pain and ten represents the worst possible pain. These measurements will be taken at multiple time points: at the start of the procedure, then at 30 minutes, one hour, two hours, six hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and seven days after treatment. The treatment period lasts one day, with follow-up assessments continuing for seven days.

The study will also track several other aspects of patient care and recovery. This includes monitoring how much pain medication patients need after the procedure, whether additional treatment with a blood patch becomes necessary, and how long patients need to stay in the hospital during the seven-day period following treatment. Any unwanted effects that occur during the procedure will be recorded, as well as any serious complications. Patient satisfaction with the treatment will be assessed seven days after the procedure using a rating scale. The study aims to determine whether the sphenopalatine block offers a comparable alternative to the blood patch for managing this painful condition.

The purpose of the study is to see if injecting Botulinum Toxin Type A into the side muscles of the abdominal wall causes changes in certain measurements that doctors use to predict whether additional surgical techniques will be needed to close the hernia. These measurements include the relationship between the width of certain belly muscles and the size of the hernia opening, the distance between specific points in the belly area seen on scans, the width of the hernia itself, the size of the side muscles, and the volume of the abdominal cavity. Doctors want to know if this injection helps improve these measurements before surgery.

During the study, patients will receive injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A into their abdominal wall muscles. Measurements will be taken using imaging scans before and after the injections to see what changes occur. The study will also look at how much of the sac containing the hernia needs to be used during surgery to close the layers of the abdominal wall, both in the back layer and the front layer. This information will help doctors understand if the toxin injections are helpful in preparing patients for hernia repair surgery.

The purpose of the study is to find out whether taking magnesium aspartate by mouth for eight days can reduce the occurrence of long-term hypoparathyroidism six months after surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either the magnesium supplement or placebo, and neither the participants nor the doctors will know which treatment is being given. The magnesium or placebo will be taken starting before the surgery and continuing for several days afterward. During the study, doctors will monitor calcium levels and parathyroid hormone levels in the blood to check how well the parathyroid glands are working.

Throughout the study period, which lasts up to six months after surgery, participants will be checked at different time points to see if they develop hypoparathyroidism and whether they need additional treatments such as calcium or vitamin D supplements. The study will also track any side effects or unwanted reactions to the treatment and ask participants about symptoms they may experience related to low calcium levels. This information will help researchers understand if giving magnesium before and after thyroid surgery can protect the parathyroid glands and prevent complications.

Children in the study will be between one month and seventeen and a half years old and will need to be on a breathing machine for more than twelve hours. They will receive one of the two sedation medications as their main treatment to keep them comfortable. Throughout their stay in the intensive care unit, doctors and nurses will regularly check for signs of delirium using a special rating scale. They will also monitor how well the sedation is working, whether the child is too sleepy or not sleepy enough, and any side effects that might occur. The study will track how long children need to stay on the breathing machine, how long they stay in the intensive care unit, and how long they remain in the hospital overall.

The study will also look at other important outcomes, including how much sedation and pain medication each child needs, whether children experience withdrawal symptoms when medications are stopped, and whether any complications occur such as low blood pressure, slow heart rate, or accidental removal of breathing tubes or other medical devices. Doctors will record if children need additional medications to treat delirium, if they need brain imaging or special tests to check brain activity, and whether they need to be put back on the breathing machine after it is removed. The study will continue to follow children for three months to understand the full impact of the different sedation approaches on their recovery and the costs of their care.

The purpose of this study is to find out if romiplostim given before heart surgery can help reduce the severity of low platelet counts after the surgery compared to placebo. Patients will receive their first injection between 14 and 10 days before their scheduled heart surgery. The study will look at the lowest platelet count that occurs from the end of the heart surgery until seven days after the surgery. The study will also track other factors such as how much bleeding occurs after surgery, whether patients need transfusions of platelets or other blood products, and how patients recover after their operation.

Throughout the study, doctors will monitor platelet counts and other blood measurements at different time points before and after surgery. They will also track any complications that may occur, such as bleeding events, blood clots in veins or arteries, infections, and how long patients need to stay in the intensive care unit and in the hospital. The study will follow patients for up to three months after surgery to assess their overall recovery and any side effects from the treatment. The treatment period with the study medication lasts for 14 days, and patients will receive up to three injections during this time.

The study focuses on patients who previously had inadequate bowel preparation during a reference colonoscopy, as measured by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). The research will determine if this combination of medications provides better cleansing of the intestine compared to a placebo. The effectiveness will be measured by looking at the overall BBPS score, specific scores for different parts of the colon, the rate of polyp detection, and how often the colonoscopy successfully reaches the cecum (the beginning of the large intestine).

Participants in the study will be adults who had insufficient bowel preparation in a previous colonoscopy. The study will also assess how well patients tolerate the preparation regimen through a questionnaire. Good bowel preparation is defined as achieving specific BBPS scores that indicate the colon is clean enough for a thorough examination.

The purpose of the study is to determine how accurately the sentinel lymph node technique can predict whether cancer has spread to lymph nodes. This will be compared with the current standard approach of pelvic/aortic lymphadenectomy (surgical removal of lymph nodes in the pelvic and aortic regions). During the study, participants will undergo a surgical procedure where a tracer substance is injected near the tumor to identify the sentinel lymph nodes, which are then removed and examined for cancer cells.

This research may help determine if the sentinel lymph node technique can provide reliable information about cancer spread while potentially allowing for less extensive surgery than complete lymphadenectomy. The technique could potentially reduce surgical complications while maintaining accurate cancer staging information.

The purpose of this study is to determine if a combined treatment called the HOP bundle can reduce major complications after pancreatoduodenectomy surgery. This bundle consists of three components: hydrocortisone (a steroid medication that reduces inflammation), octreotide (a medication that reduces pancreatic secretions), and a teres ligament patch (a piece of tissue used to reinforce the surgical connection).

Participants in the study will undergo pancreatoduodenectomy surgery and will be randomly assigned to either receive the HOP bundle treatment or standard care. The researchers will monitor patients for various complications that can occur after this type of surgery, including pancreatic fistula (leakage of pancreatic fluid), delayed gastric emptying (slow emptying of the stomach), post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (bleeding after surgery), and other potential issues.

The purpose of the study is to understand how Ravulizumab works in the body and how safe and effective it is for treating IgAN in children. The study will involve giving the medication to participants and monitoring them over a period of time to see how their bodies respond to the treatment. This will help researchers learn more about the medication’s effects and how it can be used to treat this kidney disease in children.

Participants in the study will receive the medication and be observed by healthcare professionals to ensure their safety and to gather information about the treatment’s impact. The study aims to provide valuable insights that could help improve treatment options for children with IgAN in the future.

Participants in the study will receive the Anti-GD2-800CW treatment through an intravenous infusion, which means it will be given directly into a vein. The study will monitor how the treatment works in the body and how well it helps in identifying cancer cells during surgery. Researchers will also keep track of any side effects that might occur from the treatment. The study aims to ensure that the treatment is safe and that it helps surgeons to better distinguish between cancerous and healthy tissues during operations.

The trial will take place over several months, with participants undergoing regular check-ups and tests to monitor their health and the effectiveness of the treatment. Blood samples will be collected at different times to understand how the treatment is processed by the body. The study will also evaluate how visible the cancer is during surgery when using the Anti-GD2-800CW treatment, helping to improve surgical outcomes for children with neuroblastoma.

Participants in the study will receive either mannitol or a placebo, which is a substance with no active treatment, through an intravenous infusion. The study will monitor how quickly the transplanted kidney begins to function and will also look at other factors such as the occurrence of acute kidney graft rejection within three months and the kidney’s performance at different time points, including seven days, one month, and three months after the transplant.

The trial aims to provide valuable information on whether mannitol can be a beneficial treatment option for improving outcomes in kidney transplant patients. The study will be conducted over a period of time, with participants being closely monitored to assess the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. This research could potentially lead to better management strategies for patients undergoing kidney transplantation, ultimately improving their quality of life.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether using tranexamic acid can decrease the need for pain relief medications, like morphine, in the first 24 hours after surgery. During the study, some patients will receive tranexamic acid, while others will receive a different solution called sodium chloride, which is often used in medical settings as a standard fluid. This will help researchers compare the effects of tranexamic acid with those of sodium chloride.

Participants in the study will have their shoulder pain assessed at different times after the surgery, including 24 hours and 7 days later. They will also be asked about their satisfaction with the anesthesia experience and the functionality of their shoulder 30 days after the surgery. The study will also monitor any side effects that occur during the trial. The goal is to gather information that could improve pain management for patients undergoing shoulder surgery in the future.

The trial involves a comparison between the effects of methylprednisolone and a placebo. Participants will receive an injection of either the medication or a placebo before their surgery. The study is designed to be randomized and double-blinded, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers will know who receives the actual medication or the placebo, ensuring unbiased results.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether using methylprednisolone can improve recovery after wisdom tooth surgery. Participants will be monitored for changes in swelling, trismus, and pain following their procedure. This research could provide valuable insights into better managing post-operative symptoms and improving patient comfort after dental surgeries.

The treatment being tested involves the use of medications containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. These are antibiotics that help fight infections by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. In this study, these medications are given in two forms: a solution for injection or infusion, and film-coated tablets. The trial will compare this new approach to the standard treatment to see if it is just as effective in preventing complications after surgery, such as infections or other issues that might require further medical attention.

Participants in the study will undergo a surgical procedure called a laparoscopic appendectomy, which is a minimally invasive surgery to remove the appendix. After the surgery, they will receive the study treatment and be monitored for any adverse events, such as infections or complications, for 30 days. The goal is to determine if the Fast Track strategy can safely reduce the length of hospital stays without increasing the risk of complications. This study is important for improving recovery times and overall outcomes for children with complicated acute appendicitis.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate how effective these treatments are in preventing the return of pterygium after surgery. Participants in the study will undergo surgery for pterygium and will receive one of the two treatments. The study will monitor the recurrence of the condition over the course of one year after the surgery. Follow-up visits will occur at one month, two months, three months, six months, and one year to check for any signs of the pterygium returning.

The study will help determine which treatment is more effective in reducing the recurrence of pterygium, providing valuable information for future treatment options. Participants will contribute to advancing medical knowledge in the management of this eye condition. The trial is expected to continue until 2026, allowing for comprehensive data collection and analysis.

The purpose of the study is to determine how methadone affects the need for additional pain medication and the level of pain experienced in the first 24 hours after surgery. Participants will receive either methadone or sufentanil during their surgery, and their pain levels will be monitored closely. Nurses will assess pain using a standard scale and will also note the amount of additional pain medication, like morphine, that is needed. The study will also track any side effects, such as nausea or sedation, that may occur.

After surgery, pain will continue to be evaluated over the next three days. Participants will be asked about their overall satisfaction with pain management during their hospital stay. This information will help researchers understand the effectiveness of methadone in managing postoperative pain compared to the standard treatment with sufentanil.

Participants in the study will receive the treatments over a period of up to six months. The HAIP chemotherapy involves delivering the drug directly to the liver through a special pump, while the systemic chemotherapy is given through the bloodstream. The study will monitor how well patients tolerate the treatments and whether the cancer becomes operable, meaning it can be surgically removed. The study will also track any side effects or complications that may arise from the treatments.

The trial aims to provide valuable information on the safety and effectiveness of combining HAIP chemotherapy with systemic chemotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer that has spread to the liver. By understanding how these treatments work together, the study hopes to improve outcomes for patients with this type of cancer. The study will continue until 2025, with ongoing assessments of patient responses to the treatment regimen.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate how well CEUS can identify sentinel nodes during surgery compared to the current standard method. Participants will undergo a procedure where the Sonazoid contrast agent is injected, and the sentinel nodes are then located using the CEUS technique with the help of a device called the BK5000 US device. This study aims to determine the accuracy of CEUS in finding these nodes and to see if it can predict whether the nodes are cancerous.

Throughout the study, researchers will monitor the time it takes to locate the sentinel nodes using CEUS and assess the ease of using the CEUS system. The study will provide valuable information on whether this method can be a reliable alternative to existing techniques for detecting sentinel nodes in patients with these types of cancer.

The treatment being studied includes the use of temozolomide, a chemotherapy drug, and may also involve lomustine, another chemotherapy medication. Additionally, a special gas called perflutren is used to help with the ultrasound process. Some patients will receive a placebo instead of the ultrasound treatment to help researchers understand the true effects of the ultrasound. The purpose of the study is to determine if the ultrasound method can improve the time patients live without the disease getting worse, known as progression-free survival.

Participants in the study will undergo a series of treatments and assessments over a period of time. This includes regular check-ups and imaging tests like MRI to monitor the tumor’s response to the treatment. The study aims to provide valuable information on whether this new approach can offer better outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The trial will continue until enough data is collected to make a clear comparison between the different treatment methods.

The purpose of the study is to see if using Ropivacaine can help reduce the need for another pain medication, morphine, after surgery. Participants in the study will receive either the Ropivacaine injection or a placebo. The study will monitor how much morphine is needed in the 48 hours following surgery. Additionally, it will assess pain levels at various times after surgery, the quality of recovery, the length of hospital stay, and any side effects from the drug.

Participants will be observed for changes in their pain levels and overall recovery during the first two days after surgery. The study will also track any adverse effects related to the use of Ropivacaine during this period. This research aims to provide insights into better pain management strategies for patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis surgery.

Participants in this study will have already received a treatment called thrombolysis, which involves using medication to dissolve blood clots. The study will observe how well dornase alfa works in improving blood flow in the brain after thrombectomy. The trial will involve monitoring the participants’ recovery and checking the blood flow in their brain using a special imaging technique called angiography, which provides a detailed view of the blood vessels.

The purpose of this study is to determine if dornase alfa can help improve the outcomes for patients who have had an ischemic stroke and are undergoing thrombectomy. The trial will last for a certain period, during which participants will be closely monitored for any changes in their condition and any side effects from the treatment. The results of this study could provide valuable information on the potential benefits of using dornase alfa in stroke treatment.

During the trial, participants will undergo their scheduled knee replacement surgery and will be monitored for their pain levels and morphine consumption. The study will also assess various aspects of pain, such as the intensity and sensitivity to pressure, as well as any side effects experienced. Blood and spinal fluid samples may be collected to measure the concentration of nefopam and its breakdown products in the body.

The goal of this research is to explore whether nefopam can effectively reduce the amount of morphine needed for pain relief after surgery, potentially offering a new approach to managing postoperative pain. The study is expected to continue until 2026, with recruitment starting in 2024.

Participants in the study will undergo a surgical procedure called a partial hepatectomy, where part of the liver is removed. After the surgery, they will receive the HAIP chemotherapy to help prevent the cancer from returning. The study will monitor participants over a period of time to see if the treatment helps in keeping the cancer from coming back. The study will also look at other factors such as overall survival, quality of life, and any side effects from the chemotherapy.

The trial aims to provide valuable information on whether this approach can improve outcomes for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. By focusing on the recurrence of cancer in the liver, the study hopes to find a way to enhance the effectiveness of current treatments and improve the quality of life for those affected by this disease.

Participants in the study will be randomly assigned to receive either the antibiotics or a placebo, which is a substance with no active medication. The main goal is to see if these antibiotics can reduce the risk of infections, such as *postoperative sepsis* and *autograft lysis*, which is when the new skin graft does not take hold and requires another graft. The study will monitor patients for any signs of infection within seven days after their surgery.

Throughout the study, researchers will also observe other outcomes, such as the overall recovery and healing process, the length of hospital stay, and any potential colonization by *multiresistant bacteria*. The study is designed to provide valuable information on the best ways to prevent infections in burn patients undergoing this type of surgery, ultimately aiming to improve patient care and outcomes.

The purpose of the study is to determine which pain relief method is more effective in reducing postoperative pain. Participants will receive either the TAP Block or the wound infiltration with Levobupivacaine during their surgery. After the surgery, the level of pain will be assessed using a visual analog scale, which is a tool that helps measure pain intensity. Additionally, the study will monitor the use of pain medications such as minor opioids like tramadol and major opioids like morphine, as well as the occurrence of nausea and vomiting after the surgery.

The study will follow participants for a short period after their surgery to collect data on pain levels and any side effects. This information will help doctors understand which method provides better pain relief and improves recovery for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Participants in the study will receive either the antibiotic Moxilen 500 mg hard capsules, which contains the active ingredient amoxicillin, or a placebo. The purpose of the study is to assess how these treatments affect patient-centered outcomes, such as the level of pain, swelling, and other discomforts experienced after the surgery. The study will monitor these outcomes over a period of time, with specific attention to the first two weeks after the surgery and then at intervals up to six months.

The study will also record any post-surgical complications, such as issues with wound healing, pain, swelling, and the stability of the dental implants. By comparing the effects of the antibiotic to the placebo, the study aims to provide valuable information on the best practices for managing recovery after this type of dental surgery.

Participants in the study will receive pembrolizumab and will be monitored to see how the tumor responds to the treatment. The study will also look at how the body’s immune cells, specifically a type of cell called effector T cells, react to the treatment. These cells are part of the immune system and help fight cancer. The study will last for several weeks, with the first assessment of the tumor size taking place approximately six weeks after the first dose of pembrolizumab.

The trial aims to gather information on the safety and effectiveness of pembrolizumab in treating vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Researchers will also observe any changes in the tumor and the behavior of immune cells during the treatment. This study is an important step in understanding how pembrolizumab can be used to help patients with this type of cancer.

The purpose of this research is to determine if using 5-ALA during surgery can help doctors find cancer tissue that might not be visible under normal lighting conditions or through physical examination. The medication is given as a single oral dose of up to 20 milligrams per kilogram of body weight before the surgery.

During the operation, surgeons will examine the surgical area using both normal and special lighting conditions to identify areas of cancer. They will document any additional cancer tissue found with the help of 5-ALA that would not have been detected otherwise. Tissue samples will be taken to confirm the presence of cancer cells. The study will also monitor patients for any side effects that may occur from using this medication.

The purpose of this study is to determine if this new imaging technique can help surgeons better see the cancer and surrounding tissues during surgery. The medication SGM-101 is designed to make the cancer cells glow under near-infrared light, which could help doctors better identify where the cancer has spread and determine if it can be completely removed during surgery. This imaging approach is being tested in patients who have already received initial treatment before surgery.

During the study, participants will receive a single dose of SGM-101 before their scheduled surgery. The maximum amount given will be 10 milligrams. During the operation, special cameras will be used to detect the areas where the medication makes the cancer cells visible. The study will also collect blood and tissue samples to better understand how well this imaging method works.

Participants in the study will undergo surgery to remove the liver metastases, and some will receive additional HAIP chemotherapy. The study will monitor how long patients live without the cancer getting worse, known as progression-free survival. Other aspects being observed include overall survival, the occurrence of any side effects, and the quality of life of the participants. The trial will also look at how well the chemotherapy is absorbed and processed by the body, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the treatment.

The study is expected to continue until June 2026, with the goal of providing valuable information on whether adding HAIP chemotherapy to surgery can improve outcomes for patients with colorectal liver metastases. This research could potentially lead to better treatment options for individuals facing this type of cancer.

In this study, some children will receive dexmedetomidine, while others will receive a placebo, which is a solution that does not contain the active medication. The study is designed to be double-blind, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the actual medication or the placebo, to ensure unbiased results. The main goal is to observe if fewer children need additional pain relief medication after surgery when they receive dexmedetomidine.

Throughout the study, researchers will monitor the children’s pain levels and any side effects they might experience. They will also look at how much additional pain medication is needed and how long the children stay in the recovery area after surgery. The study will also assess the children’s behavior and quality of life after they leave the hospital, at intervals of 7 days, 3 months, and 6 months. This information will help determine the effectiveness and safety of using dexmedetomidine in pediatric surgeries.