Patients will have a short “window‑of‑opportunity” period during which a small tissue sample (biopsy) is taken before the first infusion and another after the initial dose to look at immune biomarkers, which are signals that indicate how the immune system is reacting. After this phase, regular infusions continue, and doctors perform routine scans and blood tests to monitor the disease. Outcomes such as how long the cancer stays stable without growing (progression-free survival), how many patients see their tumors shrink (overall response rate), and the presence of tumor DNA fragments in the blood (ctDNA) are recorded. Additional laboratory analyses may examine genetic markers like HLA, immune‑activating proteins such as IFN-γ, the presence of immune cells marked by CD8, and the level of a protein called PD-L1 using a staining technique known as IHC. Safety is also closely watched through regular health checks and reporting of any side effects.

The purpose of the study is to assess how well the combination of Durvalumab and BCG works in preventing the return of cancer, known as disease-free survival. Participants in the study will receive either the combination therapy or BCG alone. The study will last for up to 12 months, during which participants will be monitored regularly to evaluate the treatment’s effectiveness and any side effects. The study aims to provide more information on whether adding Durvalumab to the standard BCG treatment can improve outcomes for patients with this type of bladder cancer.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo regular check-ups and assessments to track their health and the progress of the treatment. The study will also look at other important outcomes, such as the time it takes for the cancer to become muscle-invasive or spread, and the overall survival rate of participants. The information gathered from this study will help determine if the combination of Durvalumab and BCG is a more effective treatment option for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Participants in the study will receive one dose of pembrolizumab, and the effects will be observed to see how the cancer responds. The study will also include a comparison with a placebo to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The trial aims to gather information on the response of the cancer to the treatment, as well as any side effects that may occur. This will help researchers understand the potential benefits and risks of using pembrolizumab in treating Stage IIb/c melanoma.

The study will monitor various outcomes, such as the rate at which the cancer responds to the treatment, the occurrence of any side effects, and the overall survival of the participants. By collecting this data, the trial seeks to provide valuable insights into the use of pembrolizumab as a treatment option for patients with this type of melanoma. The findings could contribute to improving treatment strategies and outcomes for individuals affected by this disease.

The purpose of the study is to determine if using Argipressin during liver surgery can help reduce the amount of blood lost compared to a placebo. Participants in the study will receive either Argipressin or a placebo during their surgery. The study is designed to be double-blinded, meaning neither the participants nor the medical staff will know who is receiving the actual medication or the placebo, to ensure unbiased results.

Throughout the study, various health indicators will be monitored, including blood loss during surgery, the need for blood transfusions, and levels of certain blood components and proteins. The study will also track the participants’ recovery, including their hospital stay and any complications that may arise after surgery. The trial aims to provide valuable information on whether Argipressin can be an effective treatment to minimize blood loss during liver surgery.

The purpose of the study is to see if Imatinib can change triple negative breast cancer into a type that has estrogen receptors, known as ER-positive breast cancer. This change could potentially make the cancer more responsive to treatments that target estrogen receptors. Participants in the study will take Imatinib for a period of time before undergoing surgery to remove the breast cancer tissue. The researchers will then examine the removed tissue to determine if the cancer has converted to ER-positive.

Throughout the study, the safety of Imatinib will be monitored, and researchers will also look for markers that might predict whether the cancer will convert to ER-positive. This involves analyzing the molecular characteristics of the cancer, such as gene expression and immune response, both before starting Imatinib and after the surgery. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the potential of Imatinib as a treatment option for patients with triple negative breast cancer.

The purpose of this study is to understand how often and how severe any side effects might be when using this treatment. Participants in the study will receive the medications around the time of their surgery for pancreatic cancer. The study will monitor participants from the start of the treatment until the final visit to see how their bodies react to the medications.

Throughout the study, researchers will keep track of any side effects that occur, whether they are related to the treatment or not. They will also look at how long participants live without the cancer getting worse and overall survival rates. Additionally, the study will examine various immune cells and markers in the blood to understand how the treatment affects the immune system. This information will help determine the safety and potential benefits of using aldesleukin and histamine dihydrochloride in treating pancreatic cancer.

The purpose of the study is to find the highest dose of capecitabine that can be given safely together with the other drugs in the FLOT regimen for patients with these cancers. Participants will start with a low dose of the tablets and the dose will be increased step by step in small groups of patients until side effects become too frequent, which helps researchers identify the maximum tolerated dose.

During the study, patients will have regular check‑ups to monitor any side effects and to see how well the drug is processed in the body. Blood samples will be taken to measure the amount of drug and its breakdown products, and any complications after surgery will be recorded. The information gathered will help determine the safest and most effective dose for future treatment plans.

Participants receive the assigned medication for several months and attend regular clinic visits where blood samples and imaging are performed to monitor the cancer and any side effects. A laboratory test called Ki-67 is used to measure how quickly cancer cells are dividing; a higher level means faster growth. The term ovarian cysts refers to fluid‑filled sacs that can develop on the ovaries and sometimes cause pain or other symptoms. Throughout the study, safety checks and symptom assessments are conducted to ensure participant well‑being.

The purpose is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the study drug and to select appropriate dose levels for further testing. Participants will receive the medication at gradually increasing amounts (dose escalation) while undergoing regular check‑ups, blood tests, and imaging to monitor for side effects and any changes in the disease. Researchers will also track changes in the blood marker prostate‑specific antigen, which can indicate whether the cancer is responding. The study lasts several months, with scheduled visits, and participants may stop the medication if serious problems occur.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate how well patients can tolerate the treatment and how effective it is at shrinking the tumor before surgery. Participants receive several doses of the two medicines over a short period, then undergo the planned operation to remove the cancer. After surgery, follow‑up visits include imaging scans such as MRI and routine check‑ups to monitor recovery and any side effects.

Researchers will compare the results with data from patients who receive only one of the medicines or other standard combinations, looking at side‑effect profiles and how much the tumor reduces in size. Blood samples and tissue taken before, during, and after treatment are examined to see how the immune system responds, providing information that may help improve future therapies for this disease.