The purpose of the study is to determine whether the first antibiotic combination works as well as, or better than, the second combination while being safe for patients. After enrollment, participants are randomly assigned to receive one of the two treatment regimens, which are started soon after hospital admission and continued for several days as decided by the treating doctors. Patients remain in the hospital for monitoring and are followed for about a month after the start of treatment.

Researchers will record whether a patient dies from any cause within 30 days and will check for signs of sudden loss of kidney function, known as acute kidney injury, during the same period. Kidney injury is identified when the kidneys stop filtering waste as well as they should, which can be detected through routine blood tests.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate how much of the test agent is taken up by the heart tissue in these conditions. After the injection, a PET scan (a type of picture that shows where a radioactive substance goes inside the body) is performed to see the distribution of the agent in the heart muscle or valve areas. Some participants with suspected disease may have a second scan after receiving standard anti‑inflammatory treatment, while healthy volunteers undergo a single scan to understand normal distribution and safety.

In the first part of the trial, healthy volunteers receive a single infusion of the study drug at gradually higher doses to find the highest dose that can be given without serious problems. In the second part, patients who have the bloodstream infection and are already receiving standard antibiotic treatment receive one infusion of the study drug while doctors watch for any side effects and take blood samples to understand how long the drug stays in the body. Participants remain in the hospital for a short monitoring period and later return for follow‑up visits to check recovery and any later health issues.

The study compares an oral medication called fosfomycin trometamol with other antibiotics that are commonly used for this type of infection, which may be given by mouth or through an IV line. The goal is to determine whether fosfomycin can achieve the same level of clinical cure—meaning the fever goes down and the urinary symptoms disappear—without needing additional antibiotic therapy.

Participants are assigned by chance to receive either fosfomycin or one of the standard antibiotics and receive treatment for roughly one week. After the medication course, they are checked around day 17 and again around day 37 to see if the infection has cleared, to monitor for any side effects such as confusion, falls, weight loss, or pressure sores, and to record any need for further hospital care or repeat infections.

The purpose of the study is to describe the safety profile of the PG4 vaccine. Infants receive a single dose of either the study vaccine or the comparison vaccine and are then observed for a short time after the injection, followed by scheduled visits to check their health over the next weeks.

Researchers will watch for common side effects such as redness, swelling, pain at the injection site, fever, reduced appetite, irritability, or increased sleep. Any side effects, known as adverse events, and any serious side effects that require medical attention, called serious adverse events, will be recorded and reviewed.

The purpose is to compare a short 3‑day treatment course with the usual 7‑day course. After enrollment, patients are randomly assigned to receive antibiotics for either three or seven days while staying in the hospital. Throughout the treatment period and during follow‑up visits, medical staff monitor body temperature, signs of infection and any worsening of health, such as low blood pressure, breathing difficulty, kidney or liver problems, and rare complications like septic shock. The study records how quickly patients recover, any side effects, and the length of hospital stay.