The purpose of the study is to determine the accuracy of these methods in detecting vesicoureteral reflux. Children participating in the study will undergo both diagnostic procedures. The study will compare the results to see which method is more effective in identifying the condition. The procedures involve injecting the substances into the bladder through a small tube, and then taking images while the bladder is being emptied.

This study is important for improving the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children, which can help in managing and treating the condition more effectively. The trial will provide valuable information on the best way to detect this condition, potentially leading to better outcomes for affected children.

Participants in the study will receive one of the following treatments: spinal morphine, which is derived from the opium poppy and administered directly into the spinal fluid, or intravenous lidocaine, a common local anesthetic given through a vein. Additionally, some patients will receive a combination of bupivacaine, another local anesthetic, and adrenaline, which helps prolong the effects of the anesthetic. The purpose of the study is to determine if these treatments can enhance recovery after surgery, as measured by a patient-centered outcome scale called “Quality of Recovery 15.”

The study will involve a random assignment of treatments to participants, and it will be conducted without the participants knowing which treatment they are receiving. The trial will monitor recovery progress, including pain levels and overall well-being, at various points after surgery. The goal is to find the most effective pain management strategy to improve the recovery experience for patients undergoing this type of surgery.