Participants receive the spray once daily for four weeks. At the start and after 30 days, they undergo a brain scan called fMRI, which shows how certain brain areas are active. They also report their cravings at the beginning, after one week, and after four weeks, and their drug use is checked again at three and six months after the treatment period. The study looks at changes in cravings, brain activity, and how long participants stay away from drugs.

Participants will receive either rifaximin or a placebo taken by mouth. During the trial, the focus is on how the treatment affects intestinal barrier integrity, which refers to how well the lining of the intestines prevents harmful substances from leaking into the body. The study also examines inflammatory signalling, which are the chemical messages sent by the body that can cause swelling or irritation in various tissues. Additionally, researchers will look at intestinal permeability, the measure of how easily substances pass through the intestinal wall, and fecal microbiota, which are the types and amounts of bacteria found in the stool.

The purpose of the study is to see if Syntocinon can help reduce cravings for drugs and prevent relapse in individuals with substance use disorder. Participants in the study will use the nasal spray for a period of four weeks. During this time, they will be monitored to see how their cravings change and whether they are able to stay away from drug use. The study will also look at how the brain responds to the treatment using a special type of brain scan called fMRI, which helps to see which areas of the brain are active.

Throughout the study, participants will be asked to complete tasks that measure their social and emotional responses. These tasks are designed to see if the treatment has any effect on how they interact with others and manage their emotions. The study will also follow up with participants at three and six months after the treatment to see how long they can maintain abstinence from drug use. The goal is to find out if Syntocinon can be an effective tool in helping people with substance use disorder to reduce cravings and avoid relapse.

Participants in the study will receive treatments through intravenous infusion, which means the medication is given directly into a vein. The study will compare the effects of ketamine with those of a placebo to see if there is a significant difference in how well the depression symptoms improve. The trial will also look at changes in alcohol cravings and consumption, as well as any side effects that may occur during the treatment sessions.

The study will take place over a period of time, with participants being monitored for changes in their symptoms and overall health. The goal is to gather information on how ketamine can help people with both depression and alcohol use disorder, and to understand its impact on their mental health and alcohol consumption habits. This research aims to provide valuable insights into potential new treatment options for individuals facing these challenges.