Participants will receive the assigned sedation during their colonoscopy and will be asked to complete a short questionnaire after the procedure to report how satisfied they felt. The study will also record how much medication was used, how long the procedure and recovery lasted, and any side effects or problems that occur. After the colonoscopy, participants will be monitored until they are fully awake and able to go home, and the overall success of completing the procedure will be noted.

The purpose of the study is to find out if letting patients control their own sedation with remimazolam is safer and leads to higher satisfaction than when the doctor controls the sedation using either remimazolam or midazolam. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, receive the assigned medication through an injection, and either manage the dose themselves using a simple device or have the dose given by the physician. The study follows each person through the colonoscopy, monitors for any moderate or severe side effects (known as adverse events), records how quickly they can leave the clinic (discharge), and asks about their overall experience to measure satisfaction.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether this oxygen approach reduces the number of low‑oxygen events and related complications during sedated endoscopic examinations. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either the high‑flow oxygen or the standard oxygen method, and they will be observed throughout the endoscopic procedure and the short recovery period. Researchers will monitor for signs such as abnormal breathing patterns measured by capnography (a test that tracks carbon dioxide in the breath), as well as heart‑related issues including bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), pulmonary aspiration (inhaling fluids into the lungs), and cardiorespiratory arrest (stopping of heart and breathing).

Data will be collected during the endoscopic session and shortly afterward to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the high‑flow oxygen approach compared with the standard method, with the goal of improving patient safety during these procedures.

The purpose of the study is to find out how well intranasal dexmedetomidine works for sedating children during imaging procedures. The study will look at whether one dose of the medication is enough to provide adequate sedation, or whether some children need a second dose. The researchers will measure how quickly the sedation begins after giving the medication and how long the sedation lasts. They will also track how long the imaging procedure takes, how long children wait before the procedure starts, and how long the total hospital visit lasts.

During the study, the medication will be given through the nose before the imaging procedure begins. The medical team will watch the children carefully to see how well the sedation works and to check for any unwanted effects. The study will also record any side effects that occur. All children participating will receive the active medication, as this study does not include a placebo group. The information gathered will help doctors understand whether this method of giving dexmedetomidine is a good option for sedating children during imaging procedures.

The study aims to compare the safety and effectiveness of two different medication combinations used during bronchoscopy. The first combination includes Propofol and Pethidine, while the second combination includes Midazolam and Pethidine. Propofol and Midazolam are medications that help with sedation, making patients feel sleepy and relaxed, while Pethidine is a pain reliever. The study will be conducted by medical staff at San Donato Hospital in Arezzo.

Participants in the study will receive one of the two medication combinations during their bronchoscopy. The main goal is to assess how well each combination works in terms of safety and effectiveness, particularly looking at how often patients experience low oxygen levels during the procedure. Other factors, such as any side effects, how well patients tolerate the procedure, and the time it takes to complete, will also be evaluated. The study will help determine which combination of medications provides the best balance of comfort and safety for patients undergoing bronchoscopy.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate how long it takes patients to fully recover after receiving these sedative medications during their endoscopy procedure. During the study, participants will receive either remimazolam or midazolam as their sedation medication. After the procedure, medical staff will monitor how quickly patients return to being fully alert and ready to go home.

The medications will be given through a vein as either a single injection or continuous infusion. The maximum amount of medication that can be given is 100 mg for either drug over the course of one day. Throughout the procedure and recovery period, patients will be closely monitored for their response to the medication and any possible side effects.

The study involves the use of two medications: Midazolam, also known by its code name USL-261, which is used for sedation, and Bupivacaine, which is used for spinal anaesthesia. Midazolam is administered as a solution for injection or infusion, while Bupivacaine is given as an injectable solution. Participants in the study will receive either spinal anaesthesia or sedation during the procedure, and the outcomes will be compared to see which method is more effective.

Throughout the study, participants will be monitored for the success of the procedure, which is defined as the baby being in a head-down position after the procedure. Additionally, any side effects related to the procedure or the anaesthesia, such as changes in blood pressure or heart rate, will be recorded. The study aims to provide valuable information on the best anaesthesia method to use for this procedure, potentially improving outcomes for both mothers and babies.

In this study, some children will receive dexmedetomidine, while others will receive a placebo, which looks like the medication but does not contain any active ingredients. The purpose of the study is to determine if dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective option for sedation and pain relief in the pediatric emergency room setting.

The study will observe how well the procedures go on the first try, how long they take, and how comfortable the children feel during the process. It will also look at the children’s pain levels, sedation levels, and other factors like heart rate and oxygen levels. The study aims to provide valuable information on whether dexmedetomidine can be a helpful tool for managing pain and anxiety in young patients undergoing minor medical procedures.