During the study, all participants will continue their regular MS treatment with either ofatumumab (brand name Kesimpta) or ozanimod (brand name Zeposia). These are medications that help control MS symptoms by modifying the immune system. The probiotics will be taken as capsules by mouth daily for 24 months.

The study will track how well the treatments work by monitoring MS symptoms, conducting brain imaging with MRI scans, and assessing quality of life. Researchers will measure various aspects of participants’ health, including pain levels, fatigue, and mental well-being through questionnaires. They will also monitor the number of MS relapses and any changes visible on brain scans.

The purpose of the study is to see if switching to platform therapies is not worse than continuing with anti-CD20 therapy in terms of keeping the disease under control. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. The study will last for about three years, during which time participants will receive their assigned treatment and have regular check-ups. These check-ups will include clinical evaluations and MRI scans to monitor disease activity, which means looking for any new symptoms or changes in the brain that might indicate the disease is getting worse.

Throughout the study, researchers will also keep track of any relapses, changes in disability, and any side effects or infections that might occur. They will also measure certain substances in the blood, like B-cells and immunoglobulins, which are part of the immune system. Additionally, the study will look at brain volume and levels of a protein called neurofilament light chain, which can indicate nerve damage. The overall goal is to understand which treatment approach is better for managing the disease while considering the impact on quality of life and healthcare costs.

The purpose of the study is to compare how these two treatments work in the body, their effects on the disease, and their safety. Participants will receive either ABP 692 or Ocrevus, and the study will monitor how the treatments affect the number of new active brain lesions, which are areas of damage in the brain that can be seen using a special imaging technique called MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). The study will last for about 48 weeks, with regular check-ups to assess the treatments’ effects and safety.

Throughout the study, participants will receive regular infusions and undergo various assessments to monitor their health and the progression of their condition. The goal is to determine if ABP 692 is as effective and safe as Ocrevus in treating RRMS. This information could help improve treatment options for people living with this condition.

The purpose of the study is to determine if this treatment can lead to no evidence of disease activity in patients with aggressive forms of MS. Participants will be monitored for any signs of disease activity, such as relapses or new brain lesions, using methods like MRI scans. The study will also track any changes in disability levels and overall health over the course of the trial. Participants may receive either the active treatment or a placebo, and their progress will be compared to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.

Throughout the study, various health parameters will be measured, including the number of new brain lesions, changes in brain volume, and the presence of certain proteins in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The study will also look at the impact of the treatment on quality of life, fatigue, and walking ability. The trial is expected to run until 2030, with the goal of providing valuable insights into the management of aggressive MS.

The purpose of the study is to determine if Rituximab is as effective as Ocrelizumab in treating active forms of MS. Participants in the study will receive treatment over a period of 24 months, with the option to continue for an additional 36 months. During the first 24 months, the study will focus on whether patients have no new or enlarging T2 white matter lesions, which are areas of damage in the brain that can be seen on an MRI scan. After the initial 24 months, the study will explore the long-term effects and safety of both treatments, as well as whether extending the time between doses might be beneficial for patients who have been stable on these therapies.

Throughout the study, participants will be monitored for any changes in their condition, including the presence of new symptoms or worsening of existing ones. The study aims to provide valuable information on the effectiveness and safety of these treatments for people living with MS, potentially offering new insights into managing the disease over the long term.

The purpose of the study is to determine if Ozanimod is effective compared to Fingolimod in treating children and adolescents with RRMS. Participants will take either Ozanimod, Fingolimod, or a placebo. The study will monitor the rate of MS relapses over a period of two years and will also look at the overall health and any side effects experienced by the participants. The study will include a core phase and an extension phase, where participants who complete the core phase may continue to be monitored in the extension phase.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo regular check-ups to assess their condition and the amount of Ozanimod in their bodies. The study aims to provide valuable information on the safety and effectiveness of these treatments for RRMS in young patients. The estimated end date for the study is July 3, 2036.

Participants in the study will receive either IMU-838 tablets or a placebo. IMU-838 is available in different doses, including 15 mg, 22.5 mg, and 30 mg tablets, and contains the active substance vidofludimus calcium. The study will compare the effects of these doses to understand their impact on the disease. The trial is designed to be randomized and double-blind, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers will know who is receiving the actual medication or the placebo, ensuring unbiased results.

The study will take place over a period of time, with participants undergoing regular MRI scans to monitor changes in their condition. The primary goal is to determine the effectiveness of a 45 mg daily dose of IMU-838 in treating RRMS. Additionally, the study will gather more data on the safety and efficacy of the medication, allowing researchers to model how different doses affect the body. Participants will be closely monitored for any side effects or changes in their health throughout the trial.

The purpose of the study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of CLS12311 in patients with RRMS. The study will be conducted in two parts. In the first part, the focus will be on understanding how safe and tolerable the treatment is for patients. In the second part, the study will also look at how well the treatment works in reducing new brain lesions, which are detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients will receive the treatment through an intravenous infusion, which means it will be delivered directly into a vein.

Throughout the study, researchers will monitor patients for any side effects and changes in their condition. The study will also explore how the treatment affects certain immune cells and markers in the blood, which can provide insights into how the treatment works. The study is expected to continue until 2027, with recruitment of participants starting in 2024. This research aims to provide new insights into potential treatments for RRMS and improve the understanding of how this condition can be managed more effectively.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate how well Obexelimab works in preventing new lesions in the brain, which are areas of damage that can be seen on an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan. These lesions are often associated with relapses or flare-ups of symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Participants in the study will receive weekly injections and will undergo regular MRI scans to monitor the development of new lesions over a period of several weeks.

The study is designed to be double-blind, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers will know who is receiving Obexelimab and who is receiving the placebo. This helps ensure that the results are not biased. The trial will also monitor for any side effects or adverse events that may occur during the treatment period. The overall goal is to determine the safety and effectiveness of Obexelimab in managing relapsing multiple sclerosis.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether testosterone treatment can help protect nerve cells and repair the protective covering of nerves, known as myelin, in patients with RRMS. Participants in the study will receive the treatment for a period of 54 weeks. During this time, they will continue their existing treatment with one of the following medications: natalizumab, fingolimod, ponesimod, ocrelizumab, or ofatumumab. These medications are known as disease-modifying therapies, which help manage the symptoms and progression of multiple sclerosis.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo regular assessments, including MRI scans, to monitor changes in the brain and evaluate the treatment’s impact on the disease. The study aims to determine if the treatment can reduce brain tissue loss and improve nerve function. Participants will also complete various questionnaires to assess their cognitive function, quality of life, and the impact of the disease on their daily activities. The safety of the treatment will be closely monitored by evaluating any side effects and conducting regular health checks.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of BIIB017 in children and teenagers aged 10 to less than 18 years who have RRMS. Participants in the study will receive either the study medication or a different treatment for comparison. The study will be conducted in two parts. In the first part, the focus will be on understanding how the body processes the medication and its immediate effects. In the second part, the study will look at the long-term safety and outcomes of using BIIB017 over an extended period.

Throughout the study, participants will have regular check-ups to monitor their health and any changes in their condition. This will include assessments of their symptoms, overall well-being, and any side effects they may experience. The study aims to provide valuable information on how BIIB017 can be used to treat RRMS in younger patients, helping to improve their quality of life and manage their symptoms more effectively.

The purpose of the study is to understand how ozanimod affects inflammation in the brain, particularly in areas called the meninges, which are the protective layers around the brain and spinal cord. The study will also look at how the medication impacts certain cells in the brain called glial cells, which support and protect nerve cells. Participants in the study will take ozanimod for one year, and researchers will monitor changes in specific proteins and markers in the body that are related to inflammation and nerve damage. These markers will be measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and in the blood.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo various tests, including MRI scans, to observe any changes in the brain’s structure and the presence of lesions, which are areas of damage. The study aims to provide insights into how ozanimod can help manage MS by reducing inflammation and protecting nerve cells, potentially leading to better treatment options for people living with this condition.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Ocrelizumab compared to Fingolimod in children and adolescents with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Participants in the study will receive either Ocrelizumab or Fingolimod, and their health will be monitored over a period of time to observe any changes in their condition. The study aims to determine if Ocrelizumab is not inferior to Fingolimod in terms of reducing the annualized relapse rate, which is a measure of how often relapses occur over a year.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo various assessments, including MRI scans, to check for changes in the brain and to monitor the number of new or enlarging lesions. The study will also track any side effects or adverse events that may occur. This research is important for understanding how these treatments can help manage Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in younger patients and to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Participants in the study will receive either the higher dose of Ocrelizumab, the approved dose, or a placebo. Ocrelizumab is administered as a solution for infusion, which means it is given through a vein. The study will monitor participants over a period to assess the impact of the treatment on their condition. The goal is to see if the higher dose can better prevent the worsening of symptoms compared to the standard dose.

Throughout the study, various health indicators will be tracked, including changes in brain volume, levels of certain proteins in the blood, and the number of specific immune cells. The study will also evaluate the safety of the higher dose by monitoring any side effects. This research is important for understanding how to better manage Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis and improve the quality of life for those affected by this condition.

Before the main treatment begins, patients receiving stem cell transplantation will be given cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte immunoglobulin as preparation medications. The medications used in the comparison group are given differently: Mavenclad (cladribine) is taken as tablets, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) and Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) are given through infusion into a vein.

The study will monitor patients for five years to track their disease activity. This includes checking for new symptoms, performing brain scans to look for changes, and evaluating how well patients can perform daily activities. The study will also look at quality of life and ability to work.

Participants in the study will receive Ocrelizumab and will be monitored over a period of time to assess how their bodies process the medication and how it affects their immune system, particularly a type of white blood cell known as B-cells. The study will also look at the overall health and development of the participants, including growth and other developmental milestones. Some participants may receive a placebo, which is a substance with no active medication, to compare the effects of Ocrelizumab against no treatment.

The study will involve regular check-ups and tests, including blood tests and MRI scans, to monitor the participants’ health and the medication’s effects. The study aims to provide valuable information on how Ocrelizumab can be used to treat Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in younger patients, potentially leading to better treatment options in the future. Participants will be closely monitored for any side effects or changes in their condition throughout the study period.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how well Ocrelizumab works in managing MS symptoms and its safety over time. Participants will receive the medication through an intravenous infusion, which means it is administered directly into the bloodstream. The study will monitor various aspects of the disease, including any changes in disability levels, the occurrence of relapses, and overall disease activity. Additionally, the study will use MRI scans to observe changes in the brain that are associated with MS.

Throughout the study, participants will be regularly assessed to track their progress and any side effects they may experience. The study aims to provide valuable information on the long-term use of Ocrelizumab in treating MS, helping to improve understanding of its benefits and risks for patients living with this condition.

Participants in the study will receive either Rituximab or Ocrelizumab, both of which are given as a solution for infusion, meaning they are administered directly into the bloodstream through a vein. The study will last for a period of two years, during which the health and progress of the participants will be monitored. The main goal is to see how many patients remain free of disease activity, which includes no new relapses or changes seen in MRI scans, over this time.

Throughout the study, various aspects will be assessed, such as the frequency of relapses, any progression in disability, and the overall quality of life of the participants. Additionally, the study will look at the safety of the treatments by recording any adverse events experienced by the participants. This trial aims to provide valuable information on the effectiveness and safety of these treatments for people living with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of TECFIDERA in children aged 10 to less than 18 years who have RRMS. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either TECFIDERA or another treatment that modifies the disease. The study will also include an optional extension phase where participants can continue to receive TECFIDERA to assess its long-term safety. Throughout the study, participants will undergo regular check-ups and MRI scans to monitor the progression of the disease and any changes in their condition.

The study will last for several years, with the first part focusing on the initial 96 weeks. During this time, the main goal is to see how well the treatment works in preventing new brain lesions, which are areas of damage in the brain that can be seen on an MRI scan. The second part of the study will continue to monitor participants who completed the first part, focusing on the long-term safety of the treatment. Participants will be closely monitored for any side effects or adverse events, and their overall health and quality of life will be assessed throughout the study.