The purpose of this study is to find out if the FOLFOXIRI treatment leads to better results in making the cancer disappear completely compared to the CAPOX or FOLFOX treatment in patients with high risk locally advanced rectal cancer. After completing the chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, patients will have imaging scans and examinations to check how well the cancer has responded to treatment. Depending on how the cancer responds, patients may either have surgery to remove the cancer or may be able to avoid surgery and be closely monitored instead, which is called a watch and wait approach.

During the study, patients will first receive several cycles of chemotherapy given through infusion into a vein over a period of weeks. This will be followed by chemoradiotherapy where radiation is given along with chemotherapy. After treatment is completed, doctors will use imaging tests and examinations to check if the cancer has disappeared or shrunk. The study will follow patients for several years to track whether the cancer comes back, whether patients are able to keep their rectum without surgery, and how the treatments affect their quality of life and ability to work. The study will also carefully monitor any side effects from the treatments and record any complications that may occur.

The purpose of the study is to determine if injecting botulinum toxin type a into the wall of the colon can help reduce these symptoms. Botulinum toxin type a is a substance that works by relaxing the smooth muscle, which are the muscles in the body that move automatically to push waste through the digestive tract. During the study, some participants will receive the botulinum toxin type a via injection, while others will receive a placebo.

Participants will be monitored over a period of several months to observe changes in their bowel habits and symptoms. This includes assessing the frequency of bowel movements and the level of urgency experienced. The effects of the treatment will be tracked at different stages following the injections to see how much the symptoms improve compared to the group receiving the placebo.

During the study, patients will receive treatment and then be carefully monitored to see if their cancer has completely disappeared. The monitoring will be done using different methods including magnetic resonance imaging, which is a type of scan that creates detailed pictures of the inside of the body, along with clinical examinations where a doctor checks the patient, and endoscopic examinations where a flexible tube with a camera is used to look inside the rectum. The study aims to find out whether it is possible to save the rectum by watching and waiting after the initial treatment instead of immediately performing surgery.

The study will also look at other important outcomes such as whether the cancer comes back in the same area, whether the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, how long patients survive, whether the rectum can be preserved without surgery, and what side effects or complications occur from the treatment. Additionally, the study will examine how the treatment affects daily life including urinary function, sexual function, bowel function, and whether patients need a stoma, which is an opening created surgically for waste to leave the body.

The purpose of this research is to determine how well patients respond to treatment by examining whether there are any remaining cancer cells after the therapy is completed. Dostarlimab is given through an intravenous infusion, which means it is delivered directly into the bloodstream through a vein. The medication belongs to a group of drugs that help the body’s immune system fight cancer cells.

During the study, patients will receive treatment for up to 60 months. The treatment includes regular medical check-ups to monitor the patient’s health and response to therapy. Doctors will use various imaging techniques to check how well the treatment is working and to ensure the safety of the participants. The effectiveness of the treatment will be evaluated both through physical examinations and imaging tests.

The study is divided into two parts. In the first part, healthy volunteers will receive the NEP-1 injection to determine the right dose and timing for examining lymph nodes using the NanoEcho Imaging Device. In the second part, patients with rectal cancer will receive the same treatment to confirm the findings from the first part. The study aims to see how well the device can detect changes in the lymph nodes and to ensure the treatment is safe for patients.

Participants in the study will receive the NEP-1 injection and undergo imaging with the NanoEcho Imaging Device. The study will monitor the size and distance of lymph nodes from the injection site and check for any side effects or changes in health. The goal is to improve the understanding of how rectal cancer spreads and to develop better ways to detect it early. The study is expected to continue until mid-2025.

One of the treatments being studied involves the use of a medication called capecitabine, which is available in the form of Xeloda 150 mg film-coated tablets. This medication is taken orally, meaning it is swallowed in the form of a pill. The study will also involve monitoring patients through regular check-ups and imaging tests like MRI to ensure the cancer has not returned and to assess the overall health and quality of life of the participants.

The study will follow participants over several years to gather information on the recurrence of cancer, any side effects from the treatments, and the overall survival of the patients. The goal is to determine if the rectal-preserving approach is a viable option for treating early rectal cancer, potentially offering patients a treatment that maintains more of their normal bodily functions and quality of life.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether this combined treatment can safely and effectively increase the rate of complete response, meaning the cancer is no longer detectable, while also aiming to preserve the affected organ. Participants in the study will first receive the neoadjuvant treatment to shrink the tumor, followed by the electrochemotherapy procedure. The study will monitor the safety and feasibility of this approach and assess the response of the cancer to the treatment.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo various assessments to ensure their safety and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The ultimate goal is to determine if this method can improve outcomes for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, potentially offering a way to treat the cancer while preserving the function of the rectum.

The purpose of the study is to find out if adding valproic acid to the standard treatment of bevacizumab and oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens can improve the time patients live without their cancer progressing. This is compared to using bevacizumab and oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens alone. The study will involve patients receiving these treatments over a period of time, with some patients receiving a placebo instead of valproic acid. The treatments are given either as an infusion, which means they are delivered directly into the bloodstream through a vein, or as tablets taken by mouth.

Participants in the study will be monitored regularly to assess how well the treatment is working and to check for any side effects. The study aims to provide valuable information that could lead to better treatment options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with RAS mutations. The trial is expected to continue until 2026, with the hope of finding a more effective treatment strategy for this challenging condition.

The purpose of this study is to see how well the combination of and works in reducing the size of the tumor in patients with this specific type of cancer. The study will involve patients receiving these treatments over a period of time, and their progress will be monitored through various medical assessments. Some patients may receive a as part of the study to help compare the effects of the actual treatment. The study aims to gather information on the safety of the treatment, how long patients live after treatment, and how the cancer responds to the treatment.

Participants in the study will undergo regular check-ups and imaging tests to track the changes in their cancer. The study will also look at the overall quality of life of the participants during and after the treatment. The results of this study could provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of using and together for treating .

The main purpose of this research is to determine how effective this combination treatment is in controlling the cancer without the need for surgery. The treatment involves receiving dostarlimab infusions along with radiation therapy. After treatment, patients will be monitored to see if their cancer completely disappears, which would allow them to avoid surgery.

During the study, patients will receive dostarlimab infusions at a dose of 500 mg for up to 6 months. The effectiveness of this approach will be evaluated over a two-year period to check if the cancer remains controlled without surgery. Doctors will monitor patients’ overall health, how well the cancer responds to treatment, and whether the cancer returns after initial response.

The treatment being tested is atezolizumab, which is given as an infusion, meaning it is administered directly into the bloodstream through a vein. This study will also include a comparison with a placebo, which is a substance with no active medication, to see how effective atezolizumab is on its own. The study will last for up to 12 months, during which participants will receive the treatment and have regular check-ups to monitor their health and the status of their cancer.

Participants in the study will be closely monitored for any side effects or changes in their condition. The study aims to provide valuable information on whether atezolizumab can be a beneficial treatment option for patients with this specific type of colorectal cancer who are not suitable for standard chemotherapy. The results could potentially lead to new treatment options for these patients in the future.

The purpose of the study is to assess how well these treatments can help preserve the rectum in patients with early-stage rectal cancer. Participants in the study will receive either the treatment with Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine or a placebo. The study will follow participants over a period of time to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and any side effects that may occur. The study will also look at how the treatment affects the quality of life of the participants, including any changes in bowel, bladder, and sexual function.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo regular check-ups and assessments to track their progress. The study will last for several years, with the main goal of determining the success rate of organ preservation at 24 months from the start of treatment. Additionally, the study will evaluate other outcomes, such as the rate of cancer regrowth and overall survival of the participants. This research aims to provide valuable insights into the best treatment approaches for preserving the rectum in patients with early-stage rectal cancer.

Participants in the study will be randomly assigned to receive either Sildenafil or a placebo, which looks like the medication but does not contain the active ingredient. The study will last for about a year, and during this time, participants will take the medication and have regular check-ups to monitor their progress. The main goal is to see if Sildenafil can help maintain normal erectile function one year after surgery.

Throughout the study, participants will be asked to complete questionnaires about their erectile function and overall quality of life. These assessments will help researchers understand the effectiveness of Sildenafil in improving sexual health and well-being after surgery. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the benefits of early erectile rehabilitation for men recovering from rectal cancer surgery.

The purpose of this study is to see if using a precise approach to treatment can help control the cancer more effectively and reduce the chances of it spreading to other parts of the body. The study will involve patients who are considered to be at high risk of their cancer spreading. Participants will receive the treatment over a period of time, and their health will be monitored to assess how well the treatment is working in preventing the cancer from coming back.

Throughout the study, participants will receive regular check-ups and follow-ups to track their progress. The goal is to improve the chances of living without the cancer returning for several years after the treatment. This study is part of ongoing research to find better ways to treat rectal cancer and improve outcomes for patients.

The purpose of the study is to determine if these treatments can improve the rate of organ preservation, meaning the rectum remains intact without the need for major surgery. Participants will receive either the short course radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, followed by consolidation chemotherapy, which is additional treatment to help strengthen the effects of the initial therapy. The study will monitor the participants over a period to assess the effectiveness of the treatments in preserving the rectum and improving survival rates.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo various procedures, including MRI scans, to evaluate the progress of the treatment. The trial aims to improve the 3-year organ preservation rate from 30% to 40% in patients receiving the investigational treatment. This research is part of a larger effort by the German Rectal Cancer Study Group to find better ways to treat rectal cancer while minimizing the need for invasive surgeries.

The purpose of this study is to determine how effective these treatments are in achieving a Pathological Complete Remission (pCR), which means there is no evidence of cancer cells in tissue samples after treatment. The study involves a series of treatments starting with chemotherapy before surgery, followed by a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and then additional chemotherapy. This approach is designed to shrink the tumor and eliminate cancer cells before surgical removal.

Participants in the study will receive these treatments over a period of time, with regular monitoring to assess the response to the treatment. The study aims to provide valuable information on the effectiveness of this treatment plan for patients with high-risk rectal cancer, potentially improving outcomes and guiding future treatment strategies.

The main purpose of this research is to determine if using SGM-101 together with a special camera system called the Quest Spectrum System can help surgeons better see and remove all cancer tissue during surgery. The medication attaches to specific markers found on cancer cells, making them glow under special lighting. This could potentially help doctors ensure they remove all of the cancer during the operation.

During the study, participants will receive a single dose of SGM-101 before their planned surgery. The maximum amount given will be 15 milligrams. The surgical team will use special equipment to see the areas where the medication makes the cancer cells visible. The study will track how well this method works and follow the patients’ progress for up to two years after their surgery to monitor their recovery and long-term health outcomes.

The purpose of the study is to determine which treatment approach is more effective in improving disease-free survival, which refers to the length of time patients remain free from cancer after treatment. Participants in the study will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. Those in the pre-surgery group will receive chemotherapy before undergoing surgery, while those in the post-surgery group will receive chemotherapy after surgery. The study will also include a group receiving a placebo to compare the effects of the actual treatment. The trial will last for a period of up to 12 months, during which participants will be closely monitored for any changes in their condition.

Throughout the study, various aspects will be assessed, including the side effects of the treatments, the success of the surgeries, and the overall quality of life of the participants. The trial aims to provide valuable information on the best timing for chemotherapy in treating locally advanced rectal cancer, potentially leading to improved outcomes for patients with this condition.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these treatments in achieving a complete response, meaning no signs of cancer remain after treatment. Participants will receive these medications as part of a treatment plan called Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT), which is given before surgery to shrink the tumor. The study will involve regular visits to the clinic for treatment and monitoring, and participants will receive the medications either through an intravenous (IV) line or orally, depending on the specific drug.

Throughout the study, doctors will monitor the response to treatment using various methods, including imaging tests like MRI to assess changes in the tumor. The study aims to improve outcomes for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer by exploring the potential benefits of combining these medications. Participants will be followed up for a period to assess the long-term effects and any potential side effects of the treatment.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate how effective Dostarlimab is in treating patients who have not received any prior treatment for their cancer. Participants in the study will receive this medication and will be monitored over time to see how their cancer responds. The study will track the progress of the disease and assess the overall health and well-being of the participants throughout the treatment period.

During the study, participants will receive regular infusions of Dostarlimab and will have follow-up visits to check on their health and the status of their cancer. The study aims to gather information over several years to understand the long-term effects and benefits of the treatment. Some participants may receive a placebo, which is a substance with no active medication, to compare the effects of Dostarlimab with no treatment. The study is designed to provide valuable insights into the potential of Dostarlimab as a treatment option for this specific type of rectal cancer.

The purpose of the study is to determine if adding this combination of chemotherapy drugs before the standard treatment of chemoradiotherapy can improve the response to treatment in patients with high-risk locally advanced rectal cancer. The study will follow participants over a period of time to see if this approach leads to better outcomes, such as a higher rate of complete response, where no cancer is found after treatment, and to monitor for any side effects or complications from the treatment.

Participants in the study will receive the chemotherapy drugs as an initial treatment, followed by chemoradiotherapy, which combines chemotherapy with radiation therapy. The study will also look at various outcomes, including how long patients remain free from cancer recurrence, the response of the cancer to the treatment as seen on imaging tests like MRI, and the overall survival of the patients. Additionally, the study will collect information on the quality of life of participants and any side effects they experience during the treatment process.

The purpose of the study is to assess whether a less intensive treatment strategy can be effective for patients who respond well to initial chemotherapy. The study will be conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the focus is on ensuring that the cancer can be surgically removed with a high success rate. In the second phase, the study will look at maintaining the current rate of patients remaining free from cancer for three years. Participants will receive treatment over a period of up to 12 months, with some medications given as infusions, which means they are delivered directly into the bloodstream, and others taken orally as tablets.

Throughout the study, various aspects will be monitored, such as the rate of successful surgeries, the ability to preserve the anal sphincter, and the overall response to treatment. The study will also evaluate the quality of life of participants, including digestive, urinary, and sexual functions, using questionnaires. The safety of the chemotherapy treatments will be assessed using a standard scale to ensure that any side effects are carefully managed. The study is expected to continue until November 2030, with the aim of providing valuable insights into the management of rectal cancer.

The treatment involves several medications given through intravenous infusion, including irinotecan hydrochloride, calcium folinate, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin. These medications are commonly used to treat various types of cancer and work together to stop or slow down the growth of cancer cells.

During the study, patients will receive treatment over multiple cycles. The effectiveness of the treatment will be monitored for three years after the start of treatment to determine how well it prevents the cancer from returning or spreading. The study will help determine if chemotherapy alone can be as effective as the combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in treating this type of rectal cancer.

The purpose of the study is to explore whether adding valproic acid or capecitabine to short-course radiotherapy can improve the rate of complete tumor regression, which means the tumor disappears completely, before surgery. The study is divided into two phases. In the first phase, researchers aim to determine the maximum dose of capecitabine that can be given safely, either alone or with valproic acid, during the radiotherapy. The second phase will compare the effects of adding these medications to the radiotherapy to see if they increase the chances of the tumor disappearing completely.

Participants in the study will receive either the combination of medications and radiotherapy or a placebo, followed by surgery. The study will monitor various outcomes, including the control of the cancer, survival rates, and any side effects or complications from the treatment. The goal is to find the best approach to improve treatment outcomes for patients with low to moderate risk rectal cancer.

The purpose of the study is to determine how accurately this enhanced MRI can identify the stage of cancer in the lymph nodes compared to the traditional method of examining tissue samples after surgery. Participants in the study will undergo an MRI scan with the Ferumoxtran-10 contrast agent, as well as a standard MRI without the contrast. These imaging results will be compared to the findings from the tissue samples taken during surgery.

The study will involve patients who have been newly diagnosed with rectal cancer and are scheduled for surgery or a short course of radiotherapy before surgery. The trial aims to improve the understanding of how well the enhanced MRI can detect cancer spread to the lymph nodes, which could potentially lead to better treatment planning for patients in the future.

The purpose of the study is to determine if taking aspirin regularly after standard cancer treatment can help prevent the cancer from coming back and improve the chances of survival. Participants in the study will be randomly assigned to receive either the aspirin or the placebo. The study is designed to be double-blind, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers will know who is receiving the aspirin and who is receiving the placebo. This helps ensure that the results are not influenced by expectations or bias.

Participants will take the study medication for a period of up to 60 months. Throughout the study, participants will be monitored for any side effects and for signs of cancer recurrence. The study will also look at other health outcomes, such as overall survival, adherence to the medication, and any serious health events that may occur. The goal is to gather information that could lead to better treatment strategies for preventing cancer recurrence and improving survival rates in patients with these types of cancers.

The purpose of this study is to determine if adding radiation therapy to chemotherapy can improve the chances of successful surgery to remove the cancer. Participants in the study will receive treatment over a period of several months, with regular check-ups to monitor their health and the effectiveness of the treatment. Some participants will receive a placebo, which is a substance with no active medication, to compare the effects of the actual treatment. The study will also look at how well patients tolerate the treatment and any side effects they may experience.

Throughout the study, participants will undergo various assessments, including imaging tests like MRI to evaluate the size of the tumor and determine the response to treatment. The study aims to improve the understanding of how to best treat recurrent rectal cancer and enhance the quality of life for patients undergoing these treatments. The trial is expected to continue until the end of 2025, with ongoing evaluations of treatment outcomes and patient well-being.

The purpose of the study is to determine how accurately the [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT scan can detect cancer spread compared to the results from surgery. The study involves two groups of patients. One group will have the scan before undergoing a surgery called total mesorectal excision (TME), which removes the cancerous part of the rectum. The other group will have the scan after a less invasive procedure called local excision, which removes the tumor without major surgery.

Participants in the study will receive the [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 solution through an infusion, which is a way of delivering the solution directly into the bloodstream. The study will last for a short period, and the results will help doctors understand if this new scanning method can improve the detection of cancer spread and potentially change how rectal cancer is managed in the future.

Participants in the study will receive either Tofranil or a placebo, which looks like the medication but does not contain the active ingredient. The study will observe the effects of Tofranil on the cancer cells, particularly focusing on changes in the way the cells look and behave under a microscope. This includes examining the tumor’s structure and the presence of certain immune cells around the tumor. The study will also measure the levels of tumor DNA in the blood and the amount of Fascin1 protein in the tissue removed during surgery.

The trial will take place over a period of time, with some patients being observed for 2-6 weeks and others for 3-6 months, depending on their treatment plan. The goal is to understand if Tofranil can help change the characteristics of the cancer cells, potentially leading to better treatment outcomes for patients with these types of cancer.

The medications being studied in this trial include Capecitabine, which is available in different forms such as Capecitabine Pharmacare 150 mg and Capecitabine Glenmark 500 mg film-coated tablets, among others. Another medication used is Oxaliplatin, which is given as a solution for infusion, meaning it is administered directly into the bloodstream through a vein. Additionally, Fluorouracil and Calcium Folinate are also part of the treatment regimen, with Fluorouracil being a solution for injection and Calcium Folinate being used to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.

The purpose of this study is to compare the long-term and short-term outcomes of these two treatment approaches in patients with rectal cancer. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. The study will monitor various outcomes, including how long patients remain free of cancer, overall survival rates, and any side effects experienced. The trial aims to provide valuable information on the effectiveness and safety of these treatments for rectal cancer.

The treatment involves a combination of medications commonly used to treat cancer, known as chemotherapy. These drugs work together to destroy any remaining cancer cells that might be present in the body after surgery. The treatment will be given over several months to determine if it can improve the time patients remain free from cancer returning.

During the study, patients will receive the chemotherapy treatment and have regular check-ups to monitor their health. Blood samples will be taken to check for signs of cancer DNA, which can indicate whether the treatment is working. The study will track how long patients remain cancer-free and their overall survival, while also monitoring their quality of life during and after treatment.

The medications used in this study include Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Calcium Folinate Pentahydrate. Oxaliplatin is administered as a solution for infusion, which means it is given directly into the bloodstream through a vein. Fluorouracil is provided as a solution for injection, also delivered intravenously. Calcium Folinate Pentahydrate is used as a solution for injection or infusion, supporting the other medications by reducing their side effects and enhancing their effectiveness.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of the treatment regimen on locally advanced rectal cancer. Participants will undergo a series of treatments over a period of up to 12 months. The study will assess the response of the cancer to the treatment, aiming to understand how well the combination of therapies works in preserving the organ and controlling the disease. Some participants may receive a placebo, which is a substance with no active medication, to compare the effects of the actual treatment. The study is designed to gather information that could lead to improved treatment strategies for rectal cancer in the future.

The medication SGM-101 is given through an intravenous infusion (delivered directly into a vein). This substance is designed to attach to specific markers that are typically found on cancer cells, making them visible under special lighting during examination. The purpose of the study is to determine if this fluorescent imaging technique can effectively distinguish between normal tissue and areas with different levels of cell abnormalities in the rectum.

The study is conducted in two phases. The first phase aims to find the most effective dose of the medication. The second phase tests how well the fluorescent imaging technique works in identifying different types of tissue changes. During the procedure, doctors use a special camera system that can detect the fluorescent signals from the medication, allowing them to examine the suspicious areas in detail.