S-ketamine is being studied for its potential to help patients with severe acute brain injury. The trial is looking at how effective and safe S-ketamine is in reducing the occurrence of cortical spreading depolarisations (SDs), which are waves of electrical activity that can spread across the brain and may worsen brain injury. The study is also assessing how feasible it is to use S-ketamine in this setting.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – This condition occurs when there is bleeding in the space between the brain and the surrounding membrane, often due to a ruptured aneurysm. It can lead to a sudden, severe headache, often described as the worst headache ever experienced. As the bleeding continues, it can cause increased pressure on the brain, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. Over time, complications like vasospasm, where blood vessels narrow, can occur, potentially leading to further brain injury.

Intracerebral Hemorrhage – This is a type of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain tissue itself, often due to high blood pressure or trauma. The bleeding can cause a sudden increase in pressure within the brain, leading to symptoms such as headache, weakness, confusion, and difficulty speaking. As the hemorrhage progresses, it can result in more severe neurological deficits and potentially lead to coma. The extent of the damage depends on the size and location of the bleed.

Traumatic Brain Injury – This condition results from a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts normal brain function. Symptoms can range from mild, such as brief changes in mental status, to severe, including extended periods of unconsciousness or memory loss. The injury can cause a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that may appear immediately or develop over time. The progression of symptoms can vary widely depending on the severity and location of the injury.