This study focuses on patients with early stage colorectal cancer, specifically examining different treatment approaches for rectal cancer. The purpose is to evaluate whether organ-preserving treatments can be as effective as traditional surgery. The study compares standard surgical removal of the rectum (called total mesorectal excision) with alternative treatments that aim to preserve the organ using radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
The treatment options being studied include chemotherapy using Capecitabine, which is given as film-coated tablets taken by mouth. This medication is combined with radiation therapy in some cases. After the radiation treatment (with or without chemotherapy), some patients may undergo a less invasive surgical procedure called transanal microsurgery, which is performed through the natural opening rather than through the abdomen.
During the study, patients will receive one of the treatment approaches and will be monitored for how well the treatment works in controlling the cancer while preserving normal body function. The study will track patients’ progress and overall health for several years after treatment. Regular check-ups will include physical examinations and imaging tests to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment.
Belgium 
Sweden 
The Netherlands 
